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Human Anatomy 1 (HLSC 120) > Chapters 14-19: The Nervous System > Flashcards

Chapters 14-19: The Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 nervous system areas?

A

1) sensory afferent
- information is processed/interpreted
2) integration
- occurs in the CNS
3) Motor efferent
- works with effectors

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2
Q

What are the four CNS glial cells?

A

1) astrocyte
2) oligodendrocyte
3) microglia
4) ependymal

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3
Q

What are the 2 PNS glial cells?

A

1) satellite
2) Schwann

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4
Q

What is the function of astrocyte glial cells?

A

Paracrine signals = blood brain barrier

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5
Q

What is the function of oligodendrocyte glial cells?

A

Form myelin in CNS

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6
Q

What is the function of microglia glial cells?

A

Phagocytes = immunity

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7
Q

What is the function of ependymal glial cells?

A

Create and circulate CSF

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8
Q

What is the function of satellite glial cells?

A

Barrier = ganglia

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9
Q

What is the function of Schwann glial cells?

A

Form myelin in the PNS

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10
Q

What are the three meningeal layers from superficial to deep?

A

1) dura matter
2) arachnoid matter
3) Pia matter

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11
Q

What is the subdural space?

A
  • between the arachnoid and Dura matter
  • if it fills with blood or fluid, it is called a subdural hematoma
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12
Q

What are the three types of neurons?

A

1) unipolar
2) bipolar
3) Multi polar

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13
Q

What is the ventricular system?

A
  • two lateral ventricles - deep in cerebrum
  • connected to third ventricle by two openings
  • V4 -> Space between the cerebellum, pons, and upper medulla
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14
Q

What are the 4 CSF functions?

A

1) environmental stability
2) protection
3) neural signalling
4) buoyancy

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15
Q

What is cerebral spinal fluid (CSF)?

A
  • A clear colourless liquid
  • bathes the exposed CNS surfaces
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16
Q

What are the three parts of the Diencephalon?

A

1) Epithalamus
2) thalamus
3) hypothalamus

17
Q

Describe the Epithalamus

A

Contains The pineal gland, which secretes melatonin to aid the circadian (sleep) cycle

18
Q

Describe the thalamus

A

Sensory impulses converge on the thalamus, and then travel to the cerebral cortex

19
Q

Describe the hypothalamus

A

Bridge between the nervous system and the endocrine system

20
Q

What are the three parts of the brain stem?

A
  1. Midbrain
  2. Medulla oblongata
  3. Pons
21
Q

Describe the midbrain

A

Coordinates Head and eye movements

22
Q

Describe the medulla oblongata

A

Contains cardiac, respiratory, and vasomotor centres

23
Q

Describe the pons

A
  • bridge between the brain and spinal cord
  • works with medulla to control breathing
24
Q

Describe the Limbic System

A
  • process and regulate emotion and memory
  • deals with sexual stimulation and hearing
  • behaviour, motivation, long term memory, and smell
25
Q

Brain textures?

A
  • gyri - out
  • Sulci - in
    increase brain surface area
26
Q

What are the 4 lobes?

A
  • Frontal
  • parietal
  • Temporal
  • occipital
27
Q

What is the function of the frontal lobe?

A

Motor and speech

28
Q

What is the function of the parietal lobe?

A

Sensory region

29
Q

What is the function of the temporal lobe?

A

Sound

30
Q

What is the function of the occipital lobe?

A

Sight/visual

31
Q

White matter?

A
  • 1 layer
  • myelinated
  • centre of brain
32
Q

Grey matter?

A
  • 6 layers
  • unmyelinated
  • outer of brain cortex
33
Q

What are the effects of alcohol on the cerebellum?

A
  • disturbs gait
  • loss of balance and posture
  • enable to detect proprioceptive information
34
Q

Describe the cerebellum

A
  • connects to brain stem
  • receives input from cerebrum to spinal cord
  • compare sensory feedback through the medulla and sense output through the midbrain to correct motor commands for coordination
  • plays a role in language, mental imagery, and new motor skills
35
Q

What are the 4 principal plexuses?

A
  1. Cervical plexus
  2. Brachial plexus
  3. Lumbar plexus
  4. Sacral plexus
36
Q

What is a plexus?

A

Weblike arrangement of nerves near the spinal chord

37
Q

What are the 5 parts of the spinal cord from superior to inferior?

A
  1. Cervical part
  2. Thoracic part
  3. Lumbar part
  4. Sacral part
  5. Coccygeal part
38
Q

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?

A

31 pairs

39
Q

How many nerves are in each spinal cord parts?

A
  • 8 cervical
  • 12 thoracic nerves
  • 5 lumbar nerves
  • 5 sacral nerves
  • 1 coccygeal nerve

Human Anatomy 1 (HLSC 120) (10 decks)

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