Chapter 7: The Axial Skeleton Flashcards

1
Q

What is the Axial Skeleton?

A
  • forms the vertical, central axis of the body
  • 80 bones
  • skull has 22 bones
  • vertebral column has 24 bones and 2 fused
  • thoracic cafe had 12 pairs of ribs and the sternum
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2
Q

What are the 4 unique features of the skull?

A

1) cranial cavities
2) paranasal sinuses
3) sutures
4) fontanelles

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3
Q

What Are the seven cranial bones?

A

1) Parietal bone
2) sutural bone
3) occipital
4) frontal bone
5) sphenoid
6) ethmoid
7) temporal

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4
Q

What are the 6 facial bones?

A

1) lacrimal
2) nasal bone
3) zygomatic
4) maxilla
5) mandible
6) vomer

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5
Q

What are the parts of the occipital bone?

A
  • Squamous part: forms the posterior region of the skull
  • Basilar part: foramen magnum
  • foramen magnum: spinal cord, vertebral, spinal arteries, and accessory nerve
  • hypoglossal canal: hypoglossal nerve
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6
Q

What are the four functions of the paranasal sinuses?

A

1) Lighten skull mass
2) increase nasal surface area
3) resonating chamber
4) protection through mucus

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7
Q

What are the types of sutures?

A

1) top of skull-> coronal suture -> unites frontal to parietal bones (saggital connects parietal together)
2) posterior of skull-> lamboid suture-> unites Parietal to occipital
3) squamous -> connects parietal to temporal bones

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8
Q

Describe the Hyoid bone

A
  • doesn’t articulate with any other bone
  • suspended from the styloid process
  • attachment site for the tongue, neck and pharynx muscles
  • consists of a horizontal, rectangular body and paired projectors called the lesser and greater horns
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9
Q

What is the coccyx?

A

A triangular bone that forms 3-5 vertebral bones fusing. Fusion takes several years

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10
Q

What is the sacrum?

A
  • fusion of the 5 sacral vertebrae
  • happens at ~ 16-30 years of age
  • transverse ridges mark fusion sites
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11
Q

How many vertebrae are there?

A

24 plus the sacrum and coccyx

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12
Q

What are the three regions of the vertebral column?

A

1) cervical (C1-C7)
2) Thoracic (T1-T12)
3) Lumbar (L1-L5)

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13
Q

What are the vertebral curvatures?

A
  • primary curves in fetus = thoracic and sacral
  • secondary curves = 3-4 months of age = cervical and lumbar
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14
Q

Describe the classification of ribs

A

12 pairs of ribs with their costal cartilages
- Ribs 1-7 are classified as true ribs
- ribs 8-12 are classified as false ribs with the last two peaked being floating ribs

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15
Q

What are the parts of the sternum?

A
  1. Xyphoid process
  2. Body
  3. Manubrium
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16
Q

What is the thorax?

A
  • the rib cage (ribs + sternum)
  • protects heart and lungs