Chapter 9: Articulations Flashcards
What Is dorsiflexion?
Pressing The foot upward
What Is plantar flexion?
Pressing The foot downward
What Is supination?
Movement of the forearm turning the palm interiorly
What Is pronation?
Movement of the forearm turning the palm posteriorly
What’s abduction?
Moves A body part away from the trunk in a lateral direction (away from the midline)
What is adduction?
Moves The body part toward the trunk (toward the body midline)
What Is flexion?
Movement in the anterior posterior plane where the joint angle is decreased
What is extension?
Movement in anterior posterior plane where the joint angle is increased
What is Hyper extension?
Extension Beyond normal range of motion greater than 180°. Extension continues past the anatomic position.
What is Lateral flexion?
Body trunk move, laterally in coronal plane
What is eversion?
The sole of the foot turns to face laterally
What Is inversion?
The sole of the foot turns medially
What Is elevation?
It is the superior movement of the body part
What is depression
It is the inferior movement of the body part
What is protraction?
The movement of a body part anteriorly in a horizontal plane
What is retraction
The movement of a body part posteriorly in a horizontal plane to assume the anatomical position
What are the 6 types of joint?
1) pivotal
2) hinge
3) gliding
4) ball and socket
5) saddle
6) conyloid
What is articulation?
A joint/articulation/arthrosis refers to the point of contact between:
- two bones
- bone and cartilage
- bones and teeth
Describe ligaments
- stretch resistant integral parts of joints
- composed of dense, regular connective tissue that binds bones
- serves as intrinsic binding structures of a joint itself
Classification of Joints
- bones are held together by
• Solid masses of connective tissue
• A tissue capsule that surrounds a lubricated cavity - joints Determine the range of movement of the body
- joints are classified by structure and function
What Are the three types of joints?
1) fibrous joints: adjacent bones held together by dense regular connected tissue
2) Cartilaginous joints (syntharoses): bones joined by Hyaline or fibrocartilage
3) synovial joints: articulating surfaces of bones, separated by fluid, filled cavities, allowing for free movement between bones (most common)
Describe Fibrous joints
• immobile or slightly moveable
- Gomphoses (gum joint)
- sutures (skull)
- syndesmoses (long bone attachment)
Describe cartilaginous joints
• No joint cavity
• Little to no movement
- synchrondoses: no movement
- symphyses (absorbs shock): little movement
Describe synovial joints
• articular capsule
• articular cartilage
- fibrous layer
- synovial membrane
~ synovial cells
~ synovial fluid
• ligament
• joint cavity
• blood vessels and nerves
What are the three functions of synovial fluid?
1) lubricates
2) nourishes
3) absorbs shock
What are the 4 types of body movements?
1) Gliding: sliding back and forth or side to side (eg between carpals)
2) angular: flexion, extension, hyperextension, abduction, abduction, Dorsiflexion, plantar flexion, supination, pronation, and lateral flexion
3) rotational: removes around long axis (arm circles)
4) special: eversion, inversion, elevation, depression, protraction, and retraction
