Chapter 9: Articulations

Question 1

What Is dorsiflexion?

Answer 1

Pressing The foot upward

Question 2

What Is plantar flexion?

Answer 2

Pressing The foot downward

Question 3

What Is supination?

Answer 3

Movement of the forearm turning the palm interiorly

Question 4

What Is pronation?

Answer 4

Movement of the forearm turning the palm posteriorly

Question 5

What’s abduction?

Answer 5

Moves A body part away from the trunk in a lateral direction (away from the midline)

Question 6

What is adduction?

Answer 6

Moves The body part toward the trunk (toward the body midline)

Question 7

What Is flexion?

Answer 7

Movement in the anterior posterior plane where the joint angle is decreased

Question 8

What is extension?

Answer 8

Movement in anterior posterior plane where the joint angle is increased

Question 9

What is Hyper extension?

Answer 9

Extension Beyond normal range of motion greater than 180°. Extension continues past the anatomic position.

Question 10

What is Lateral flexion?

Answer 10

Body trunk move, laterally in coronal plane

Question 11

What is eversion?

Answer 11

The sole of the foot turns to face laterally

Question 12

What Is inversion?

Answer 12

The sole of the foot turns medially

Question 13

What Is elevation?

Answer 13

It is the superior movement of the body part

Question 14

What is depression

Answer 14

It is the inferior movement of the body part

Question 15

What is protraction?

Answer 15

The movement of a body part anteriorly in a horizontal plane

Question 16

What is retraction

Answer 16

The movement of a body part posteriorly in a horizontal plane to assume the anatomical position

Question 17

What are the 6 types of joint?

Answer 17

1) pivotal
2) hinge
3) gliding
4) ball and socket
5) saddle
6) conyloid

Question 18

What is articulation?

Answer 18

A joint/articulation/arthrosis refers to the point of contact between:
- two bones
- bone and cartilage
- bones and teeth

Question 19

Describe ligaments

Answer 19

• stretch resistant integral parts of joints
• composed of dense, regular connective tissue that binds bones
• serves as intrinsic binding structures of a joint itself

Question 20

Classification of Joints

Answer 20

• bones are held together by
  • Solid masses of connective tissue
  • A tissue capsule that surrounds a lubricated cavity
• joints Determine the range of movement of the body
• joints are classified by structure and function

Question 21

What Are the three types of joints?

Answer 21

1) fibrous joints: adjacent bones held together by dense regular connected tissue
2) Cartilaginous joints (syntharoses): bones joined by Hyaline or fibrocartilage
3) synovial joints: articulating surfaces of bones, separated by fluid, filled cavities, allowing for free movement between bones (most common)

Question 22

Describe Fibrous joints

Answer 22

• immobile or slightly moveable
- Gomphoses (gum joint)
- sutures (skull)
- syndesmoses (long bone attachment)

Question 23

Describe cartilaginous joints

Answer 23

• No joint cavity
• Little to no movement
- synchrondoses: no movement
- symphyses (absorbs shock): little movement

Question 24

Describe synovial joints

Answer 24

• articular capsule
• articular cartilage
- fibrous layer
- synovial membrane
~ synovial cells
~ synovial fluid
• ligament
• joint cavity
• blood vessels and nerves

Question 25

What are the three functions of synovial fluid?

Answer 25

1) lubricates
2) nourishes
3) absorbs shock

Question 26

What are the 4 types of body movements?

Answer 26

1) Gliding: sliding back and forth or side to side (eg between carpals)
2) angular: flexion, extension, hyperextension, abduction, abduction, Dorsiflexion, plantar flexion, supination, pronation, and lateral flexion
3) rotational: removes around long axis (arm circles)
4) special: eversion, inversion, elevation, depression, protraction, and retraction