Chapter 4: Tissue Level Of Organization Flashcards
What are the 4 tissue types?
1) Epithelial
2) connective
3) muscular
4) nervous
What are the 6 characteristics of epithelial cells?
1) Cellularity
2) polarity
3) attachment to a basement membrane
4) avascularity
5) innervation
6) high regeneration
What are the 4 functions of epithelial cells?
1) physical protection
2) selective permeability
3) secretion
4) sensation
What’s the difference between keratinized and non-keratinized cells?
Keratinized: superficial cells are dead ( eg skin)
Non-Keratinized: superficial cells are living ( eg anus)
What are the three intercellular junctions?
1) tight junctions
2) desmosomes
3) Gap junctions
Describe tight junctions:
- seals cells tightly
- prevents molecules from travelling between epithelial cells
- located in the stomach, intestine, and urinary bladder
Describe desmosomes:
- connects cells but doesn’t seal
- strong but flexible for support and stability
- located in the outer layer of the skin and the cardiac cells
Describe Gap junctions:
- Connects neighbouring cells with a protein channel for communication and transfer
- located in the muscle tissues, cornea, nerves, uterus, and gastrointestinal tract
What is glandular epithelium?
- modified epithelial cells, which form glands that secrete substances into ducks blood, or onto the surface
What are the functions of the connective tissue?
- physical protection
- support and structural framework
- binding of structures
- Storage
- transport
- immune protection
What is connective tissue composed of?
1) cells
2) protein fibres
3) ground substance
1+2 = extracellular matrix
- solid
- semi solid
- liquid
What are the three types of protein fibers?
1) collagen
2) elastic
3) reticular
What are the 2 types of Supporting Connective Tissue and what are their properties/functions?
1) Cartilage:
- tensile strength and resistance
- a vascular
- no nerves
2) Bone
- calcified extracellular matrix organized in osteons
- protects organs
- provides levers for movements
- stores calcium
What are the three types of cartilages?
1) Hyaline
2) Fibro
3) Elastic
What are the two types of fluid connective tissue?
- Blood
- Lymph