Chapter 4: Tissue Level Of Organization

Question 1

What are the 4 tissue types?

Answer 1

1) Epithelial
2) connective
3) muscular
4) nervous

Question 2

What are the 6 characteristics of epithelial cells?

Answer 2

1) Cellularity
2) polarity
3) attachment to a basement membrane
4) avascularity
5) innervation
6) high regeneration

Question 3

What are the 4 functions of epithelial cells?

Answer 3

1) physical protection
2) selective permeability
3) secretion
4) sensation

Question 4

What’s the difference between keratinized and non-keratinized cells?

Answer 4

Keratinized: superficial cells are dead ( eg skin)
Non-Keratinized: superficial cells are living ( eg anus)

Question 5

What are the three intercellular junctions?

Answer 5

1) tight junctions
2) desmosomes
3) Gap junctions

Question 6

Describe tight junctions:

Answer 6

• seals cells tightly
• prevents molecules from travelling between epithelial cells
• located in the stomach, intestine, and urinary bladder

Question 7

Describe desmosomes:

Answer 7

• connects cells but doesn’t seal
• strong but flexible for support and stability
• located in the outer layer of the skin and the cardiac cells

Question 8

Describe Gap junctions:

Answer 8

• Connects neighbouring cells with a protein channel for communication and transfer
• located in the muscle tissues, cornea, nerves, uterus, and gastrointestinal tract

Question 9

What is glandular epithelium?

Answer 9

• modified epithelial cells, which form glands that secrete substances into ducks blood, or onto the surface

Question 10

What are the functions of the connective tissue?

Answer 10

• physical protection
• support and structural framework
• binding of structures
• Storage
• transport
• immune protection

Question 11

What is connective tissue composed of?

Answer 11

1) cells
2) protein fibres
3) ground substance
1+2 = extracellular matrix
- solid
- semi solid
- liquid

Question 12

What are the three types of protein fibers?

Answer 12

1) collagen
2) elastic
3) reticular

Question 13

What are the 2 types of Supporting Connective Tissue and what are their properties/functions?

Answer 13

1) Cartilage:
- tensile strength and resistance
- a vascular
- no nerves
2) Bone
- calcified extracellular matrix organized in osteons
- protects organs
- provides levers for movements
- stores calcium

Question 14

What are the three types of cartilages?

Answer 14

1) Hyaline
2) Fibro
3) Elastic

Question 15

What are the two types of fluid connective tissue?

Answer 15

1. Blood
2. Lymph

Question 16

What are the three types of muscular tissue?

Answer 16

1) Skeletal
2) cardiac
3) smooth

Question 17

What are the two types of nervous tissue?

Answer 17

1) Neurons: nerve cells which send the signal
2) Glial Cells: cells that support and protect the neurons