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intro to psychology > chapters 11.3 +11.4 > Flashcards

chapters 11.3 +11.4 Flashcards

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1
Q

what is motivation

A

a psychological process that will increase us to perform a particular behaviour

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2
Q

what is the hierarchy of needs

A

needs associated with our basic physiological survival being more important than social or achievement needs

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3
Q

what happens when survival needs are met

A

we can move onto higher levels of belonging and self-esteem

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4
Q

what is self actualization

A

the highest level of needs. the point at which a person reaches their full potential as a creative, deep-thinking, and accepting human beings

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5
Q

what was maslows criticized for

A
  1. the simplistic idea of needing to accomplish a level to move on to the next
  2. it is possible to have many motivations at once
  3. the bias towards individualistic and collectivistic culture
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6
Q

what is individualistic culture

A

self actualization, puts the individuals needs or goals first, sometimes at the expense of others

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7
Q

what is collectivistic culture

A

such needs would be much less important than acting to ensure that everyone was getting along and that the community, not just the individual

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8
Q

what is the need to belonging

A

the motivation to maintain relationships that involve pleasant feelings such as warmth, affection, appreciation and mutual concern for each others well being

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9
Q

what is another word for the need to belong

A

affiliation motivation

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10
Q

what is the sense of permanence

A

the most important part of well being

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11
Q

who is less lonely?

A

someone who interacts with few people more often compared to someone who interacts with a bunch of people not as closely

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12
Q

what are you willing to do when you are in love

A

sacrifice yourself for them hoping they would do the same

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13
Q

what is passionate love

A

associated with a physical and emotional longing for the other person

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14
Q

where is passionate love associated with

A

the area of the brain related to physical rewards as well as the insula, a region that is sensitive to the internal bodily feelings

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15
Q

what is compassionate love

A

related to the tenderness and the affection we feel when our lives are intertwined with another person

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16
Q

what does compassionate love have in comparison to passionate love

A

an influence on a greater long-term stability of relationship

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17
Q

what is love

A

a goal-orientated state in a way that is similar to hunger and sex

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18
Q

what brain-related activities are related to love

A

they contain receptors for oxytocin, the hormone related to feelings of trust and the desire to be close to someone

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19
Q

what does belonging provide people with

A

a shared worldview with a group of people

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20
Q

what is the terror management theory

A

a psychological perspective asserting that the human fear of mortality motivates behaviour, particularly behaviours that preserve self-esteem and our sense of belonging

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21
Q

what are anxiety buffers

A

concepts and beliefs that prevents death-related thoughts from entering the conscious mind

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22
Q

what is cultural worldview

A

a belief system about how our world should work

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23
Q

what is mortality salience

A

manipulating how participants are aware of death

24
Q

what is achievement motivation

A

the drive to perform at high levels and accomplish significant goals

25
Q

what is approach goal

A

an enjoyable and pleasant incentive that a person is drawn towards by praise, financial award, or satisfaction

26
Q

what is avoidance goal

A

an attempt to avoid an unpleasant outcome such as shame, embarrassment, or emotional pain

27
Q

what is the self determination theory

A

states that an individuals ability to achieve their goal and attain psychological well being is influenced by the degree to which they are in control of the behaviours necessary to achieve those goals

28
Q

what is within the self-determination theory

A
  1. relatedness
  2. autonomy
  3. competence
29
Q

what is relatedness

A

feeling connected to others, a need satisfied by forming meaningful bonds with other people

30
Q

what is autonomy

A

the need to feel a sense of control of your own life

31
Q

what is competence

A

the ability to perform a task at a skill level that is satisfying for yourself

32
Q

what is motivation influenced on

A

how competent we THINK we are

33
Q

what is self efficiency

A

an individual’s confidence that they can plan and execute a course of action to solve problems

34
Q

what is extrinsic motivation

A

motivation geared towards gaining rewards or public recognition

35
Q

what is intrinsic motivation

A

the process of being internally motivated to perform behaviours and overcome challenges

36
Q

what is amotivational

A

a feeling of having little or no motivation to perform a behaviour

37
Q

what is a continuum of motivation

A

the 3 motivations can be placed on a continuum that depicts how much self determination an individual might feel for those behaviours

38
Q

what happens to extrinsic motivations that are not associated with much passion

A

the behaviours can become internalized so they are apart of someone’s identity
- working out to get scouted, but started to like working out for yourself

39
Q

what is over justification

A

when you reward intrinsic behaviour, it can decrease motivation since they becoming dependent on gaining a reward

40
Q

cultural differences in motivation

A

americans are more focused on promoting autonomy while asians are more focused on community

41
Q

what is emotion

A

a behaviour with the following 3 components
1. a subjective thought
2. accompanying patterns of neutral activity and physical arousal
4. an observable behaviour expression

42
Q

what is the physiology behind emotions

A

neural responses to emotions are loops or a series of networks producing different parts of emotional response

43
Q

what is the amygdala

A

a group of nuclei in the medial portion of the temporal lobes in each hemisphere of the brain

44
Q

how does the amygdala respond

A

when a stimulus is perceived as emotionally arousing, the amygdala fires and sends projections to brain regions that lead to observable behaviours

45
Q

what does the autonomic nervous system contain

A
  1. sympathetic NS
    - recruits energy to prepare for flight or fight response
  2. parasympathetic NS
    - preserves energy and calms you down if no response is necessary
46
Q

what does the emotional response movement mean

A

the NS needs to make plans on how to move the body in response to a stimuli

47
Q

how do the frontal lobes connect to emotion

A

the frontal lobes receive information from the amygdala and form sensory areas whose activity is influenced by the amygdala. the frontal lobes then determine if the instinctive emotional response produced is appropriate for the situation

48
Q

what is the james-lange theory

A

the view that suggested that our physiological reaction to stimuli (racing heart) precedes the emotional experience (fear)
- you see a bear -> your heart pounds -> you experience fear

49
Q

what is the cannon-bard theory

A

the brain interprets a situation and generates subjective emotional feelings, and these representations in the brain trigger responses in the brain
- emotional processes occur very quickly, and the steps seem simultaneous

50
Q

what is the facial feedback theory

A

your emotional expression (facial expression) can influence out subjective emotional state

51
Q

what is the two factor theory

A

holds that patterns of physical arousal and the cognitive labels we attach to them form the basis of our emotional experiences
- you see a bear -> i am scared

52
Q

what are microexpressions

A

brief expressions of the true feeling before we lie

53
Q

what are the 6 basic emotions

A
  1. fear
  2. disgust
  3. happiness
  4. anger
  5. surprise
  6. sadness
54
Q

what are emotional dialects

A

variations across cultures in how common emotions are expressed

55
Q

what is the display rule

A

the unwritten expectations we have regarding when it is appropriate to show a certain emotion

intro to psychology (7 decks)

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