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LIFE 120 > Chapters 11 & 12 > Flashcards

Chapters 11 & 12 Flashcards

1
Q

An observable heritable feature that may vary among individuals

A

Character

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2
Q

One of two or more detectable variants in a genetic character

A

Trait

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3
Q

Mendel’s first law, stating that the two alleles in a pair segregate into different gametes during gamete formation

A

Law of Segregation

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4
Q

Mendel’s second law, stating that each pair of alleles segregates, or assorts, independently of each other pair during gamete formation; applies when genes for two characters are located on different pairs of homologous chromosomes

A

Law of Independent Assortment

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5
Q

The genetic makeup, or set of alleles, of an organism

A

Genotype

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6
Q

The observable physical and physiological traits of an organism, which are determined by its genetic makeup

A

Phenotype

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7
Q

Having two identical alleles for a given gene

A

Homozygous

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8
Q

Having two different alleles for a given gene.

A

Heterozygous

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9
Q

An allele that is fully expressed in the phenotype of a heterozygote

A

Dominant Allele

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10
Q

An allele whose phenotypic effect is not observed in a heterozygote

A

Recessive Allele

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11
Q

The situation in which the phenotypes of the heterozygote and dominant homozygote are indistinguishable

A

Complete Dominance

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12
Q

The situation in which the phenotype of heterozygotes is intermediate between the phenotypes of individuals homozygous for either allele.

A

Incomplete dominance

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13
Q

The situation in which the phenotypes of both alleles are exhibited in the heterozygote because both alleles affect the phenotype in separate distinguishable ways.

A

Codominance

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14
Q

The ability of a single gene to have multiple effects.

A

Pleiotropy

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15
Q

An allele of a genetic locus having more than two allelic forms within a population

A

Multiple Alleles

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16
Q

A type of gene interaction in which the phenotypic expression of one gene alters that of another independently inherited gene.

A

Epistatis

17
Q

An addictive effect of two or more genes on a single phenotypic character.

A

Polygenic Inheritance

18
Q

Breeding an organism of unknown genotype with a homozygous recessive individual to determine the unknown genotype. The ratio of phenotypes in the offspring reveals the unknown genotype.

A

Testcross

19
Q

An organism that is heterozygous with respect to a single gene of interest. All the offspring from a cross between parents homozygous for different alleles have this trait.

A

Monohybrid

20
Q

A cross between two organisms that are each heterozygous for both of the characters being followed

A

Dihybrid Cross

21
Q

The phenotype most commonly observed in natural populations; also refers to the individual with that phenotype

A

Wild Type

22
Q

A change in the DNA sequence of an organism

A

Mutant

23
Q

One of the numbered chromosomes that is not a sex chromosome.

A

Autosome

24
Q

A type of chromosome involved in sex determination.

A

Sex Chromosome

25
Q

A gene located on either sex chromosome. Most sex-linked genes are on the X chromosome and show distinctive patterns of inheritance; there are very few genes on the Y chromosome.

A

Sex-linked Genes

26
Q

A gene located on the X chromosome; such genes show a distinctive pattern of inheritance.

A

X-linked Genes

27
Q

A process by which one of the copies of the X chromosome is inactivated in therian female mammals.

A

X inactivation

28
Q

Genes located close enough together on a chromosome that they tend to be inherited together.

A

Linked Genes

29
Q

An ordered list of genetic loci (genes or other genetic markers) along a chromosome.

A

Genetic Map

30
Q

An error in meiosis or mitosis in which members of a pair of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids fail to separate properly from each other.

A

Nondisjunction

31
Q

A chromosomal aberration in which one or more chromosomes are present in extra copies or are deficient in number.

A

Aneuploidy

32
Q

A chromosomal alteration in which the organism possesses more than two complete chromosome sets. It is the result of an accident of cell division.

A

Polyploidy

33
Q

Referring to a diploid cell that has only one copy of a particular chromosome instead of the normal two.

A

Monosomic

34
Q

Referring to a diploid cell that has three copies of a particular chromosome instead of the normal two.

A

Trisomic

LIFE 120 (10 decks)

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