Chapter 10 Flashcards
The transmission of traits from one generation to the next
Hereditary
Differences between members of the same species.
Variation
The scientific study of heredity and hereditary variation.
Genetics
A discrete unit of hereditary information consisting of a specific nucleotide sequence in DNA
Gene
A specific place along the length of a chromosome where a given gene is located
Locus
A haploid reproductive cell, such as an egg or sperm, that is formed by meiosis or is the descendent of cells formed by meiosis.
Gametes
The generation of offspring from a single parent that occurs without the fusion of gametes. In most cases, the offspring are genetically identical to the parent.
Asexual Reproduction
Reproduction arising from the fusion of two gametes.
Sexual Reproduction
A group of genetically identical individuals or cells.
In popular usage, an individual that is genetically identical to another individual.
As a verb, to make one or more genetic replicas of an individual or cell.
Clone
A display of the chromosome pairs of a cell arranged by size and shape.
Karyotype
A pair of chromosomes of the same length, centromere position, and staining pattern that possess genes for the same characters at corresponding loci. One of these chromosomes is inherited from the organism’s father, the other from the mother.
Homologous Chromosomes
A chromosome responsible for determining the sex of an individual.
Sex Chromosomes
A chromosome that is not directly involved in determining sex; not a sex chromosome
Autosomes
A cell containing two sets of chromosomes (2n), one set inherited from each parent.
Diploid Cells
A cell containing only one set of chromosomes (n)
Haploid Cells
