Chapter 9

Question 1

The reproduction of cells

Answer 1

Cell Division

Question 2

An ordered sequence of events in the life of a cell, from its origin in the division of a parent cell until its own division into two. Composed of interphase and M phase

Answer 2

Cell Cycle

Question 3

The genetic material of an organism or virus; the complete complement of an organism’s or virus’s genes along with its noncoding nucleus acid sequences

Answer 3

Genome

Question 4

A cellular structure consisting of one DNA molecule and associated protein molecules. A eukaryotic cell typically has multiple located in the nucleus. A prokaryotic cell often has a single circular one in the nucleoid.

Answer 4

Chromosome

Question 5

The complex of DNA and proteins that makes up eukaryotic chromosomes. When the cell is not dividing, this exists in its dispersed form, as a mass of very long, thin fibers that are not visible with a light microscope.

Answer 5

Chromatin

Question 6

Any cell in a multicellular organism except a sperm or egg or their precursors.

Answer 6

Somatic Cells

Question 7

A cell that develops into a reproductive cell, which is an egg in females and a sperm in males.

Answer 7

Germ Cells

Question 8

A haploid reproductive cell, such as an egg or sperm, that is formed by meiosis or is the descendant of cells formed by meiosis.

Answer 8

Gametes

Question 9

Two copies of a duplicated chromosome attached to each other by proteins at the centromere and, sometimes, along the arms. While joined, they make up one chromosome, and are eventually split during mitosis or meiosis II.

Answer 9

Sister Chromatids

Question 10

In a duplicated chromosome, the region on each sister chromatid where it is most closely attached to its sister chromatid by proteins that bind to the centromeric DNA. It appears as a narrow waist on the duplicated chromosome

Answer 10

Centromere

Question 11

The division of the cytoplasm to form two separate daughter cells immediately after mitosis, meiosis I, or meiosis II

Answer 11

Cytokinesis

Question 12

A process of nuclear division in eukaryotic cells conventionally divided into five stages: prophase, pro metaphase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase

Answer 12

Mitosis

Question 13

The period in the cell cycle when the cell is not dividing. Cellular metabolic activity is high, chromosomes and organelles are duplicated, and the cell size may increase.

Answer 13

Interphase

Question 14

The first stage of mitosis, in which the chromatin condenses into discrete chromosomes visible with a light microscope, the mitotic spindle begins to form, and the nucleolus disappears but the nucleus remains intact.

Answer 14

Prophase

Question 15

The second stage of mitosis, in which the nuclear envelope fragments and the spindle microtubules attach to the kinetochores of the chromosomes.

Answer 15

Prometaphase

Question 16

The third stage in mitosis, in which the spindle is complete and the chromosomes, attached to microtubules at their kinetochores, are aligned at the metaphase plate.

Answer 16

Metaphase

Question 17

The fourth stage in mitosis in which the chromatids of each chromosome have separated and the daughter chromosomes are moving to the poles of the cell.

Answer 17

Anaphase

Question 18

The fifth and final stage of mitosis, in which daughter nuclei are forming and cytokinesis has typically begun.

Answer 18

Telophase

Question 19

An assemblage of microtubules and associated proteins that is involved in the movement of chromosomes during mitosis.

Answer 19

Mitotic Spindle

Question 20

An imaginary structure located at a plane midway between the two poles of a cell in metaphase on which the centromeres of all the duplicated chromosomes are located.

Answer 20

Metaphase Plate

Question 21

A method of asexual reproduction in single-celled organisms in which the cell grows to roughly double its size and then divides into two cells. In prokaryotes, it does not involve mitosis, but in single-celled eukaryotes, mitosis is part of the process.

Answer 21

Binary Fission