Chapter 4

Question 1

A membranous sac in the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell

Answer 1

Vesicles

Question 2

An organelle in eukaryotic cells consisting of stacks of flat membranous sacs that modify, store, and route products of the ER and synthesize some products, notable non cellulose carbohydrates

Answer 2

Golgi apparatus

Question 3

A complex of rRNA and protein molecules that functions as a site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm; consists of a large subunit and a small subunit. In eukaryotic cells, each subunit is assembled in the nucleolus

Answer 3

Ribosome

Question 4

A membrane-enclosed sac of hydrolytic enzymes found in the cytoplasm of animal cells and some protists

Answer 4

Lysosome

Question 5

A membrane-bound vesicle whose specialized function caries in different kinds of cells

Answer 5

Vacuole

Question 6

An organelle containing enzymes that transfer hydrogen atoms from various substrates to oxygen, producing and then degrading hydrogen peroxide

Answer 6

Peroxisome

Question 7

A network of microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments that extends throughout the cytoplasm and serves a variety of mechanical, transport, and signaling functions

Answer 7

Cytoskeleton

Question 8

A hollow rod composed of tubular proteins that makes up part of the cytoskeleton in all eukaryotic cells and is found in cilia and flagella

Answer 8

Microtubules

Question 9

The meshwork surrounding animal cells, consisting of glycoproteins, polysaccharides, and proteoglycans synthesized and secreted by the cell

Answer 9

Extracellular Matrix

Question 10

The complex of DNA and proteins that makes up eukaryotic chromosomes

Answer 10

Chromatin

Question 11

The collection of membranes inside and surrounding a eukaryotic cell, related either through direct physical contact or by the transfer of membranous vesicles

Answer 11

Endomembrane system

Question 12

The portion of the endoplasmic reticulum that is free of ribosomes

Answer 12

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 13

The portion of the endoplasmic reticulum with ribosomes attached

Answer 13

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 14

An organelle in eukaryotic cells that serves as the side of cellular respiration; uses oxygen to break down organic molecules and synthesize ATP

Answer 14

Mitochondria

Question 15

An organelle found in plants and photosynthetic protists that absorbs sunlight and uses it to drive the synthesis or organic compounds from carbon dioxide and water

Answer 15

Chloroplasts

Question 16

A short appendage containing microtubules in eukaryotic cells

Answer 16

Cilia

Question 17

A long cellular appendage specialized for locomotion

Answer 17

Flagella

Question 18

A type of cell lacking a membrane-enclosed nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles. Bacteria and archaea

Answer 18

Prokaryotic cells

Question 19

A type of cell with a membrane-enclosed nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles. Protists, plants, fungi, and animals.

Answer 19

Eukaryotic Cells

Question 20

The membrane at the boundary of every cell that acts as a selective barrier, regulating the cell’s chemical composition.

Answer 20

Plasma Membrane

Question 21

A protective layer external to the plasma membrane in the cells of plants, prokaryotes, fungi, and some protists.

Answer 21

Cell wall

Question 22

The contents of the cell enclosed by the plasma membrane; in eukaryotes, the portion exclusive of the nucleus.

Answer 22

Cytoplasm

Question 23

Any of several kinds of membrane-enclosed structures with specialized functions, suspended in the cytosol of the eukaryotic cells.

Answer 23

Organelles

Question 24

A non-membrane-enclosed region in a prokaryotic cell where its chromosome is located.

Answer 24

Nucleoid

Question 25

The organelle of a eukaryotic cell that contains the genetic material in the form of chromosomes, made of chromatin

Answer 25

Nucleus

Question 26

A specialized structure in the nucleus consisting of chromosomal regions containing ribosomal RNA genes along with ribosomal proteins; site of rRNA synthesis and ribosomal subunit assembly.

Answer 26

Nucleolus

Question 27

A cellular structure consisting of one DNA molecule and associated with protein molecules. Located in the nucleus of eukaryotes and in the nucleoid of prokaryotes.

Answer 27

Chromosomes