Chapter 6 Flashcards
The totality of an organism’s chemical reactions, consisting of catabolic and anabolic pathways, which manage the material and energy resources of the organism
Metabolism
A metabolic pathway that releases energy by breaking down complex molecules to simpler molecules
Catabolic Pathways
A metabolic pathway that consumes energy to synthesize a complex molecule from simpler molecules
Anabolic Pathways
The portion of a biological system’s energy that can perform work when temperature and pressure are uniform throughout the system.
Free Energy
The energy associated with the relative motion of objects. Moving matter can perform work by imparting motion to other matter
Kinetic Energy
The energy that matter possesses as a result of its location or spatial arrangement (structure).
Potential Energy
Energy available in molecules for release in a chemical reaction; a form of potential energy
Chemical Energy
The principle of conservation of energy: Energy can be transferred and transformed, but it cannot be created or destroyed.
1st Law of Thermodynamics
The principle stating that every energy transfer or transformation increases the entropy of the universe. Usable forms of energy are at least partly converted to heat.
2nd Law of Thermodynamics
A measure of molecular disorder, or randomness
Entropy
A process that occurs without an overall input of energy; a process that is energetically favorable
Spontaneous Process
A process that requires an overall input of energy
Non-spontaneous Process
A spontaneous chemical reaction, in which there is a net release of free energy
Exergonic Reaction
A nonspontaneous chemical reaction, in which free energy is absorbed from the surroundings.
Endergonic Reaction
In cellular metabolism, the use of energy released from an exergonic reaction to drive an endergonic reaction.
Energy Coupling
