Chapters 1 Flashcards
Biology
The study of life
Common characteristics of life
Order, regulation, growth & development, energy utilization, response to environment, reproduction and evolution
Order
Complex & ordered organization
Regulation
Maintain internal homeostasis when environment changes
Growth and development
Based on jeans from generation to generation (information carried by DNA)
Energy utilization
Takes in energy and transform it for use
Response to environment
Shivering (like Venus fly trap, responds to touch, sensory)
Reproduction
Pass on genetic info.reproduce their own kind doesn’t change. Hipo reproduce hipo.
Evolution
Reproduction allows change. Evolve in population. Change will
Biosphere
All life, or places where life exist. (the earth is the largest level)
Ecosystem
Everything living or dead in a region. example: savanna all the animals, water, soil, air
Community
All of the organisms like grass, animals, insects. Tide pool
Population
One species example zebra
Organism
One living thing example one zebra
Organ system
Heart and blood vessels
Organ
Heart
TIssue
Groups of similar cells performing a specific function
Cells
The basic unit of life
Molecular
A cluster of Adams example DNA
Adams
The smallest unit of matter (element)
Ecosystem organism interacts with its environment two main processes
- Cycling of nutrients: nutrients taken up by plants return to the soil
- Flow of energy in sunlight
Procedures = plants by photosynthesis
Consumers animals eat plants, decomposers fungi break down organisms back to minerals.
DNA
All cells use DNA
Genes
Half of our genes came from each our parents
Code for protein
Adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine (ATCG)
Persons sex
Is determined by father, XX vs XY
Taxonomy
Field of biology that names and classifies species
Life divided into 3 groups (domains)
Bacteria= prokaryotic cell Archaea= prokaryotic cell Eukarya= eukaryotic cell
Domain Eukarya
Has 4 domains
Plantae- multicellular organisms
Fungi-multicellular
Animalia-multicellular
Protista- single cellular, example amoebas
Transcription(TRNA) occurs
In the nucleus
tRNA
Amenities acids
Charles Darwin
The origin of species(2 main points)
1. Decent with modification = based on food and environment species living today descended from ancestral species.
- Natural Selection= mechanism for #1 they do to help them survive.
Darwin Charles
Species can cross breed for once the new species is created they can not go back and breed with the original species due to genetics
Overproduction and competition
Too many other species compete for food in survival = not all will survive
Individual variation
No two species are alike
Some have better survival skills, the strong will adapt.
Like turtles, lots are produced boat once hatched from the sea to the ocean crocodiles, birds, and other animals are waiting to eat them.
14 species of Finches
Their beaks change due to what they need to eat to survive in the different areas. Some even bigger nuts and some eat smaller nuts.
unequal reproduction success is natural selection
The product of natural selection is adaptation.
Natural selection is the mechanism of evolution.
Best traits are passed to the next generation, adaptation occurs = evolution.
Like the moth color changing to survive to blend in to the environment because of all the dark side so birds couldn’t spot them.
Artificial selection
You pick it’s not natural.
Breeding dogs.
Bacteria
Can use antibiotics
Virus
Cannot use antibiotics because it’s not a bacteria
Science
To know.
Based on inquiry due to curiosity to understand.
Two approaches to science
1.discovery science-based on verifiable observations and measurements. Conclusions drawn by inductive reasoning. Summarizes many concurrent observations and measurements.
2. Hypothesis-driven science- consists of series of steps.
Observation-question
Question-hypothesis
Hypothesis-prediction
Prediction-testing
Results- if results don’t match the hypothesis then new hypothesis.
With science
Take good notes so someone else can follow the procedure step-by-step and get the same results
Watson & Crick
Discovered DNA.
