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Bio 105 > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Matter

A

Anything that occupies space and has mass. Example a chair

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2
Q

3 forms

A

Solid, liquid and gas

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3
Q

Elements

A

Substance that cannot be broken down like an Atom

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4
Q

Each element

A

Consist of only one type of atom, carbon or oxygen.

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5
Q

Cells

A

Basic unit of life

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6
Q

96% of our body is made up of four elements

A

Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen and nitrogen. (C, O,H &N)

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7
Q

Compound

A

Atoms of two or more elements, same or different, how together by covalent bonds.

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8
Q

Atoms

A

Smallest unit of matter that still retains the properties of an element

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9
Q

Adams are made up of three particles

A

Proton +
Neutrons no charge
Electrons -

These three gave you a different compound

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10
Q

Protons & neutrons

A

Are in the nucleus

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11
Q

Electrons

A

Orbit around the nucleus

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12
Q

Positive and negative

A

Attract like a magnet

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13
Q

Overall charge

A

If all or even in there’s no extra charge like a negative or positive it will be a zero charge and will not react with anything

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14
Q

The number of electrons

A

Equals the number of protons in a neutral Atom, the net charge is zero

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15
Q

Number of neutrons

A

Equals number of protons

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16
Q

Atomic number

A

The number of protons

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17
Q

Mass number

A

Number of protons plus number of neutrons

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18
Q

Isotope

A

Formed by Changing the number of neutrons

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19
Q

Electrons❓

A

Orbit nucleus in shells
Innermost max is 2
Outmost max is 8

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20
Q

Outermost shell

A

The number of electrons in the outer most shell determines the atoms chemical properties.

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21
Q

Full outer shell

A

Stable no reaction

22
Q

Non full outer shell

A

Unstable and reactive

23
Q

Atoms want

A

A full stable outer shell

24
Q

Formation of chemical bonds

A

Electrons

25
Q

Octet

A

Full outer shell to bond together

26
Q

Chemical bonds

A 
1. Ionic
Covalent bonds 
2. polar covalent - not equal
3. non polar covalent - equal
4. Hydrogen bonds
27
Q

The Covalent bonds are

A

The outermost shell

28
Q

Ions are formed

A

By the gain or loss of an electron.

To form a stable outer shell.

29
Q

Ionic bonds

A

Attraction I have positive to the negative

Not strong and dissolves in water like salt

30
Q

Valence electrons

A

That electrons in the outer shell of an unstable Atom

31
Q

Covalent bonds

A

2 or more Atoms share one or more pairs of outershell electrons

Really strong bonds

32
Q

The number of covalent bonds is

A

Equal to the number of additional electrons in the Atom needs in the outer shell- stable

33
Q

The most common bond in a body is

A

Covalent bonds

34
Q

Single or double bond

A

H-H
O=O
Water: H-O-H( with O needs to share two electrons)
Means they’re sharing electron energy makes them positive

35
Q

Electrons are shared equally

A

In a non-polar covalent bond

No one benefits more than the other, they’re not a hydrogen bond

36
Q

Carbons are very stable

A

You can link a lot to them

37
Q

Unequal sharing of electrons between Atoms

A

Are polar covalent bonds

Holds water together

Water molecules, accident at tracks that electrons of hydrogen more strongly, oxygen become slightly more negative, hydrogen become slightly more positive. Hydrogen bonds

38
Q

Hydrogen bonds

A

Hydrogen atoms with partial +, attract Atom with partial- charge.

39
Q

Weakest bond

A

Hydrogen bonds

But very important

40
Q

Water, DNA, and proteins are held together by

A

Hydrogen bonds.

41
Q

Dotted line is

A

Hydrogen bonds

42
Q

Hydrolysis

A

Add water

43
Q

Dehydration synthesis

A

Take two elements to build by taking the water out, drying they out.

Take water out to bind together

44
Q

Water

A

Universe solvent

Inorganic because there is no carbon

Polar bonds

45
Q

Cohesion

A

H- bonds hold water molecules together

Cohesion is vital for water transport in plants

46
Q

Water temperatures

A

Heat water up to break bonds in vaporize. Brakes H bonds.

cool down to rebuild.

Like ice(hydrogen bonds)

Sweating helps to regulate body temperature by evaporative cooling

47
Q

Acides

A

0-6

Lower number acids

48
Q

Base

A

8-14

Higher number stronger base

49
Q

Ph 7

A

Neutral

50
Q

Blood is a ph of 7.4

A

So neutral

Bio 105 (10 decks)

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