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Bio 105 > Chapter 8 (2) > Flashcards

Chapter 8 (2) Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Growth

A

Our bodies grow bigger because of cellular reproduction. Growth plates in bones

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2
Q

Repair

A

Replacing damage cells. Skin cells are always reproduce them to replace dead cells on the surface.

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3
Q

Cellular reproduction

A

When you get cut, bruised break a bone, cells reproduce to fix the damage

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4
Q

Daughter cells

A

1 patent cell produces 2 daughter cells

Both daughter cells are identical to each other and to the parent cell. Both daughter cells have the same genetic information and they have a complete set of genetic material.

Identical sets of chromosomes

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5
Q

Asexual reproduction

A

Found with single celled organisms like amoeba

It does not involve fertilization of an egg by a sperm, all the offsprings have identical jeans.

Mitosis is asexual Production of cells

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6
Q

Cell cycle & mitosis

A

The number of chromosomes does not determine the level of development

Koala = 16 chromosomes 
Humans = 46 chromosomes
Dog= 78 chromosomes

Mitosis occurs in all the cells of the human body except in the reproductive organ’s

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7
Q

Chromatin

A

DNA wrapped around proteins/coiled around proteins

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8
Q

Histones

A

The proteins the DNA are coiled around

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9
Q

Chromosomes are

A

Tightly packed chromatin. Visible under a light microscope

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10
Q

Duplication of chromosomes prior to cell division produces

A

Sister chromatids

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11
Q

Sister chromatids

A

Two copies of chromosomes joined at the waist

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12
Q

Centromere

A

The way swear sister chromatids are joined

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13
Q

The phases of mitosis

A

Interphase, spent most of the time in the S phase.

Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase in Cytokinesis

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14
Q

Interphase

A

Spends most of the time in interphase, doubles all the contents of the cell, three phases in interphase = G1, S & G to

S phase = synthesis of dna, DNA is replicated, parent has a daughter cell

G2 = oh, zones are in the form of sister chromatids

From interphase to prophase

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15
Q

Some cells are stuck in interphase in never divide

A

Nerve and muscle cells

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16
Q

Prophase

A

Chromatin Condenses and sister chromatids become visible with a light microscope

Centrosomes move to the poles of the cell and produce their spindles

Eau Claire envelope breaks up, has to break up or you can’t see

17
Q

Metaphase

A

Sister chromatids lineup in the middle of the cell.

Think m for middle and metaphase

Ready to go

18
Q

Anaphase

A

Pull apart towards poles

Make look like a’s

19
Q

Telophase

A

Nuclear envelope reforms around DNA, chromosomes uncoil and spindle fibers disappear.

20
Q

Cytokinesis

A

The dividing of the cytoplasm into two new daughter cells

Cleavage furrow‘s bow in on cellular membrane, cell plate forms between plant cells

Same process but gets a cell play between them that make the cell wall

21
Q

Cancer cells

A

A disease of the cell cycle, a normal cell transforms to a cancer cell in it excessively and can invade other tissues

The body defuses usually can’t destroy them.

22
Q

Tumor

A

A proliferation of cancer cells

23
Q

Benign tumor

A

And abnormal mass of cells that stays at the original site

24
Q

Malignant tumor

A

Cells can spread into other tissues and body parts

25
Q

Metastasis

A

Went South spread into other tissues and organs, has spread

26
Q

Carcinoma

A

Cancer of the internal or external covering of the body

example skin cancer

27
Q

Sarcoma

A

Cancer of the supporting tissues of the body

Example, muscle and bone cancer

28
Q

Lymphoma & leukemia

A

Cancer of the blood forming tissues

Sample, phone marrow and lymph nodes

29
Q

Cancer treatment

A

Surgery, remove tumor

Radiation, to stop cells from dividing, can cause nausea and hair loss

Chemotherapy, drugs used to disrupt cell division

Think chemical for chemo

30
Q

Cancer prevention

A

Reduce risk factors

Not smoking

Exercise

Avoid over exposure to sun light

Low fat and high fiber diet

Early detection with mammograms, self exams, regular physicals, colonoscopy

Family history increases risk – need for monitoring for early detection

Bio 105 (10 decks)

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