Chapter 8 (2) Flashcards
Growth
Our bodies grow bigger because of cellular reproduction. Growth plates in bones
Repair
Replacing damage cells. Skin cells are always reproduce them to replace dead cells on the surface.
Cellular reproduction
When you get cut, bruised break a bone, cells reproduce to fix the damage
Daughter cells
1 patent cell produces 2 daughter cells
Both daughter cells are identical to each other and to the parent cell. Both daughter cells have the same genetic information and they have a complete set of genetic material.
Identical sets of chromosomes
Asexual reproduction
Found with single celled organisms like amoeba
It does not involve fertilization of an egg by a sperm, all the offsprings have identical jeans.
Mitosis is asexual Production of cells
Cell cycle & mitosis
The number of chromosomes does not determine the level of development
Koala = 16 chromosomes Humans = 46 chromosomes Dog= 78 chromosomes
Mitosis occurs in all the cells of the human body except in the reproductive organ’s
Chromatin
DNA wrapped around proteins/coiled around proteins
Histones
The proteins the DNA are coiled around
Chromosomes are
Tightly packed chromatin. Visible under a light microscope
Duplication of chromosomes prior to cell division produces
Sister chromatids
Sister chromatids
Two copies of chromosomes joined at the waist
Centromere
The way swear sister chromatids are joined
The phases of mitosis
Interphase, spent most of the time in the S phase.
Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase in Cytokinesis
Interphase
Spends most of the time in interphase, doubles all the contents of the cell, three phases in interphase = G1, S & G to
S phase = synthesis of dna, DNA is replicated, parent has a daughter cell
G2 = oh, zones are in the form of sister chromatids
From interphase to prophase
Some cells are stuck in interphase in never divide
Nerve and muscle cells
Prophase
Chromatin Condenses and sister chromatids become visible with a light microscope
Centrosomes move to the poles of the cell and produce their spindles
Eau Claire envelope breaks up, has to break up or you can’t see
Metaphase
Sister chromatids lineup in the middle of the cell.
Think m for middle and metaphase
Ready to go
Anaphase
Pull apart towards poles
Make look like a’s
Telophase
Nuclear envelope reforms around DNA, chromosomes uncoil and spindle fibers disappear.
Cytokinesis
The dividing of the cytoplasm into two new daughter cells
Cleavage furrow‘s bow in on cellular membrane, cell plate forms between plant cells
Same process but gets a cell play between them that make the cell wall
Cancer cells
A disease of the cell cycle, a normal cell transforms to a cancer cell in it excessively and can invade other tissues
The body defuses usually can’t destroy them.
Tumor
A proliferation of cancer cells
Benign tumor
And abnormal mass of cells that stays at the original site
Malignant tumor
Cells can spread into other tissues and body parts
Metastasis
Went South spread into other tissues and organs, has spread
Carcinoma
Cancer of the internal or external covering of the body
example skin cancer
Sarcoma
Cancer of the supporting tissues of the body
Example, muscle and bone cancer
Lymphoma & leukemia
Cancer of the blood forming tissues
Sample, phone marrow and lymph nodes
Cancer treatment
Surgery, remove tumor
Radiation, to stop cells from dividing, can cause nausea and hair loss
Chemotherapy, drugs used to disrupt cell division
Think chemical for chemo
Cancer prevention
Reduce risk factors
Not smoking
Exercise
Avoid over exposure to sun light
Low fat and high fiber diet
Early detection with mammograms, self exams, regular physicals, colonoscopy
Family history increases risk – need for monitoring for early detection
