Chapters 1-3: Key terms Flashcards
Define wellbeing
Wellbeing is the state of being healthy, happy and contented, usually determined through self assessment.
Define health status.
Health status is an individual’s or a populations overall health, taking into account various aspects such as life expectancy, amount of disability and levels of disease risk factors.
Define the physical dimension of health.
The physical dimension of health relates to the efficient functioning of the body and its systems, and includes the physical capacity to perform tasks and physical fitness. It is also the absence of disease or disability.
Define the social dimension of health.
The social dimension of health relates to being able to interact with others and participate in the community in both an independent and cooperative way.
Define the mental dimension of health.
The mental dimension of health relates to the state of wellbeing in which the individual realises his or her own abilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully and is able to make a contribution to his or her community.
Define life expectancy.
Life expectancy is an indication of how long a person can expect to live, it is the number of years of life remaining to a person at a particular age if death rates do not change.
Define HALE.
HALE stands for health adjusted life expectancy. It is a measure of burden of disease, based on life expectancy at birth, but including an adjustment for time spent in poor health. It is the number of years in full health that a person can expect to live based on current rates of ill health and mortality.
Define mortality.
Mortality is the number of deaths caused by a particular disease, illness or other environmental factor.
What is U5MR?
U5MR stands for under 5 mortality rate and is the number of deaths of children under 5 years of age per 1000 live births.
Define morbidity.
Morbidity refers to ill health in an individual and the levels of ill health in a population or group.
What is the burden of disease?
The burden of disease is a measure of the impact of diseases and injuries. Specifically it measures the gap between current health status and an ideal situation where everyone lives to an old age free of disease and disability. Burden of disease is measured in a unit called DALY.
Explain and define DALY.
DALY stands for disability adjusted life years and is a measure of the burden of disease - one DALY equals one year of healthy life lost due to premature death and time lived with illness, disease or injury. DALY is measured through two key indicators - Years of life lost (YLL) and years lost due to disability (YLD). YLL is the fatal burden of disease of a population, defined as the years of life lost due to death. YLD is the non-fatal component of the disease burden and is a measurement of the healthy years lost due to diseases or injuries.
Define prevalence.
Prevalence is the number or proportion of cases of a particular disease or condition present in a population at any given time.
Define incidence.
Incidence is the number or rate of new cases of a particular condition during a specific time (present)
Define determinants of health.
Determinants of health are factors that raise or lower a level of health in a population or individual. Can help to explain or predict trends in health and why some groups have better or worse health than others. Classified in ways such as biological, behavioural, physical, environmental and social.
