Chapter 9: Health And Sustainable Human Development

Question 1

Define sustainability.

Answer 1

Meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

Question 2

List and explain the objectives of sustainable development.

Answer 2

Social objectives: full employment, equity, security, education, health, participation and cultural identity.
Economic objectives: growth, efficiency and stability.
Environmental objectives: healthy environment for humans, relational use of renewable natural resources and conservation of non-renewable natural resources.

Question 3

Define empowerment.

Answer 3

To equip people with the skills needed to become stronger and more confident, gaining greater control over their life, including decision making.

Question 4

List and explain the essential elements of sustainability.

Answer 4

Affordability: cost must be affordable and able to be provided long term.
Appropriateness: must address the needs of the community and focus on those in need.
Equity: meets the needs of all people.

Question 5

Explain human development.

Answer 5

Creating an environment in which people can develop to their full potential and lead productive lives in accordance to needs and interests. Entails expanding people’s choices and enhancing capabilities, having access to knowledge, health and a decent standard of living.

Question 6

What is the human development index (HDI)?

Answer 6

A tool developed by the United Nations to measure and rank countries levels of social and economic development. It provides a statistic based on three dimensions; health, education and living standards. It has four indicators; life expectancy at birth, mean years of schooling, expected years of schooling and gross national income.

Question 7

List some themes central to human development.

Answer 7

• social progress: access to knowledge, better nutrition and services.
• economics: importance of economic froth for increased human development.
• equity: equality of opportunity.
• sustainability: in terms of ecological, economic and social.

Question 8

What are some limitations of the HDI?

Answer 8

• doesn’t include measures of gender or income

- not all countries around the world are able to receive a ranking.

Question 9

List the three components of sustainable human development

Answer 9

Human development: people having access to resources including education, health and a decent standard of living.
Health: people in optimal health; reduced risk of disease and impact of health determinants.
Sustainability: needs of the current generations are met, such as supply of crops for food but there is focus on ensuring the needs of the future aren’t compromised.

Question 10

List some examples of unsustainable human development.

Answer 10

Human development: situations where people don’t have access to education and are exposed to conflict.
Health: life expectancy is reduced
Sustainability: needs of current generations are the focus.

Question 11

List ways that sustainable human development influences health.

Answer 11

Using knowledge: people understand how to impact their health
Having a decent standard of living: shelter provides security and protection, improving health status
Participating in community life and decision making: empowers people to make their own decisions.

Question 12

Define sustainable human development.

Answer 12

Refers to the process of people striving to achieve their full potential, lead more productive lives,next and their choices and meet their needs without compromising the opportunities for future generations to meet their own needs.

Question 13

List ways that climate change impacts the environment.

Answer 13

• food affected reducing food supply and security
• creating individual and community issues of hunger and poverty
• impact water supply as water resources will be contaminated with algae and insects due to increase in water temperature

Question 14

What is deforestation?

Answer 14

The process of removing trees or clearing a forest.

Question 15

How do the key features of sustainable strategies ensure sustainability?

Answer 15

Appropriateness: ensures sustainability as it empowers local people, respecting their cultural values and suiting their style of living while improving it.
Equity: provides all people with equal access to services to enable good health and ability for everyone to sustain their environment.
Affordability: being affordable it can be sustained as the community can handle the small costs of sustaining their environment with ease and doesn’t cause difficulty.

Question 16

What are the 8 Millennium Development Goals of the United Nation?

Answer 16

1. Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
2. Achieve universal primary education
3. Promote gender equality and empower women
4. Reduce child mortality
5. Improve maternal health
6. Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases
7. Ensure environmental sustainability
8. Global partnership for development

Question 17

Define poverty line

Answer 17

A measure of the minimum level of income required to cover the basic costs of living and achieve an adequate standard of living

Question 18

Define Purchasing Power Parity.

Answer 18

A method of measuring the purchasing power of currencies of different countries (across the same type of goods and services) which allows more accurate comparisons of standards of living.