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CNA > Chapters 1& 2 > Flashcards

Chapters 1& 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Infection prevention

A

The way you prevent diseases from spreading

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2
Q

Infection preventionist

A

Required Professional that oversees infection prevention programs.

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3
Q

Who is responsible for preventing infections

A

All employees, including NAs

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4
Q

Microorganism

A

Microbe. Small living thing you can only see with microscope

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5
Q

Infections

A

Bad microorganisms (pathogens) invade body and multiply

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6
Q

Localized infection

A

Infection in one part of body

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7
Q

Systemic infection

A

Infection that affects entire body. Travels through blood.

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8
Q

What can a systemic infection cause?

A

Fever, chills, mental confusion, low BP

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9
Q

Healthcare-associated infection (HAI)

A

Infection acquired in a healthcare setting within 36 hours while patient was under care. Insurance doesn’t have to pay for it.

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10
Q

Describe the chain of infection

A
  1. Causative agent
  2. Reservoir
  3. Portal of exit
  4. Mode of transmission
  5. Portal of entry
  6. Susceptible host
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11
Q

Causative agent

A

Pathogen or microbe that causes disease

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12
Q

Reservoir

A

Where pathogen lives & multiplies

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13
Q

Portal of exit

A

Body opening that let’s pathogen leave. Nose, mouth, eyes or cuts

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14
Q

Mode of transmission

A

How pathogen travels, contact, droplet and airborne

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15
Q

Direct contact

A

Touching infected person and their secretions

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16
Q

Indirect contact

A

Touching something that was contaminated by infected person. Needle, dressing or tissue.

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17
Q

Primary route of disease transmission in healthcare settings

A

Hands of healthcare workers

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18
Q

Portal of entry

A

Body opening that lets pathogens in. Nose, mouth, eyes, mucous membranes, cuts and cracked skin.

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19
Q

Mucous membranes

A

Membranes that line cavities. Linings of mouth, nose, eyes, rectum and genitals

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20
Q

Susceptible host

A

Uninfected person who could get sick.

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21
Q

Immunizations

A

Reduce a person’s chances of getting sick from things like hep b and influenza

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22
Q

Transmission

A

Passage of infectious diseases

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23
Q

Most important way to stop infection

A

Hand washing

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24
Q

Medical asepsis

A

Measures used to prevent the spread of pathogens

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25
Q

Surgical asepsis

A

Sterile technique
Makes an area free of all microorganisms. Used in many procedures, like changing catheters.

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26
Q

CDC centers for disease control and preventions

A

Issues guidelines to protect and improve health of individuals and communities.
Control disease, injury and disability, promote public health.

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27
Q

Standard precautions and transmission based precautions

A

Levels of infection prevention system

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28
Q

Standard precautions

A

Treat blood, body fluids, non intact skin as if they’re infected. Blood, saliva, sputum, urine, feces, semen, vaginal secretions, pus, wound drainage and vomit. Not sweat. Abrasions: pimples, open sores)

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29
Q

When must standard precautions be used?

A

With every resident

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30
Q

Sputum

A

Phlegm coughed up

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31
Q

Can you tell when residents have infectious diseases?

A

No. NA can’t tell by looking at residents or reading charts.

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32
Q

Common infectious diseases

A

Tuberculosis, hepatitis, influenza

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33
Q

True or false: diseases can spread before infected person has been diagnosed or shows signs

A

True

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34
Q

These two affect the mode of transmission

A

Standard precautions and transmission based precautions. They don’t stop the infected person from giving off pathogens

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35
Q

How do transmission based precautions vary?

A

Vary based on how an infection is transmitted.

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36
Q

Guidelines for standard precautions

A
  1. Wash hands before & after putting on gloves
  2. Wear gloves when you may touch something infectious.
  3. Remove gloves immediately after and wash hands
  4. Wash all contaminated skin surfaces
  5. Wear a disposable gown
  6. Wear a mask, goggles and face shield
  7. Careful with sharps. Don’t re Open and dig in biohazard containers
  8. Never recap needles
  9. Bag all contaminated supplies. Put bag over them if needed.
  10. Clearly label body fluids that are being saved for a specimen
  11. Dispose of contaminated waste according to policy.
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37
Q

Should you wear gloves out of room?

A

No! Always use new gloves

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38
Q

When are gloves particularly important

A

Mouth care
Toilet and Peri care
Helping with bedpan
Ostomy care
Cleaning spills, basins, urinals, bedpans

Handling containers with body fluids. Disposing of waste

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39
Q

T/F: you should wear a gown even if a resident has a contagious illness, even if you’re unlikely to come into contact with bodily fluids

A

True

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40
Q

Should you put fluids in biohazard containers?

A

No.

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41
Q

Hand hygiene

A

Washing hands with soap and water or using an alcohol based rub.
Wash after using sanitizer 3-5 times

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42
Q

When should NAs wash their hands?

A

-arriving to work
- when hands are visibly soiled
- before, between and after all contact with residents
- before putting gloves on and after removing gloves
- after contact with all bodily fluids, mucous membranes, non intact skin or wound dressings.

handling contaminated items

Handling anything in resident’s room

Before and after touching meal trays
Before and after helping with meals
Before getting clean linen
Before and after using toilet
After touching garbage
After picking up anything from floor
After blowing, sneezing or coughing into hands
Before and after eating
After smoking
After touching areas of the body
Before and after applying makeup

After any contact with pets
Before leaving facility

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43
Q

PPE

A

Helps protect workers from injuries and illnesses

Gowns, goggles, face shields and face masks

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44
Q

Don

A

Putting on

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45
Q

Doff

A

Taking off

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46
Q

How many times can you wear a gown

A

Once

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47
Q

When should you change a soiled mask

A

Immediately

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48
Q

Change masks between moving between residents?

A

True

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49
Q

Eyeglasses provide proper eye protection

A

False

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50
Q

Order for donning ppe

A
  1. Wash hands
  2. Put on gown
  3. Put on mask
  4. Put on goggles or face shield
  5. Put on gloves
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51
Q

Order for doffing ppe

A
  1. Remove and discard gloves
  2. Remove goggles and face shield
  3. Remove and discard the gown.
  4. Remove and discard mask
  5. Wash your hands..always final step after removing and discarding ppe
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52
Q

Clean object

A

Has not been contaminated with pathogens

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53
Q

Dirty

A

Has been contaminated with pathogens

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54
Q

How should you handle equipment, linens and clothing

A
  1. Prevent skin/mucous contact
  2. Contamination of your clothes
  3. Transfer of disease to other residents or areas
  4. Don’t use reusable equipment until it has been properly sterilized.
  5. Dispose properly of single use equipment
  6. Clean and disinfect
  7. Handle soiled items preventing skin and mucous membrane exposure, transfer of disease to other residents, or contamination of your clothing. Do not shake linens or clothes.
  8. Bag soiled linens at point of origin
  9. Sort soiled linens away from resident care areas.
  10. Place wet linens in leak proof bags.
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55
Q

Sterilization

A

Destroying all microorganisms including those that form spores

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56
Q

Disinfection

A

Destroys most, but not all pathogens. Reduces pathogen count to non infectious levels

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57
Q

T/F: you should disinfect commonly touched surfaces

A

True

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58
Q

How to clean spills

A
  1. Don gloves, preferably heavy duty
  2. Absorb spill with absorbing product.
  3. Scoop up absorbed spill and throw out in designated container.
  4. Apply disinfectant to spill area and let it stand wet for 10 mins minimum. (Follow label)
  5. Clean spills with proper cleaning solution
  6. Don’t pick up broken glass with hands. Use dustpan, broom or other tools.
  7. Place waste containing body fluids, broken glass in biohazard bag. Follow policy.
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59
Q

Transmission based precautions

A

Precautions used for infected people or those who may be infected.

Airborne, droplet and contact

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60
Q

Airborne precautions

A

Transmitted through air. Pathogen can stay floating in the air.

(Tuberculosis)

  1. Wear special masks or respirators.
  2. Keep door closed
  3. Wash hands before and after leaving. Dietary can’t enter.
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61
Q

Droplet precautions

A

Droplets in air. Usually don’t travel more than 6 ft. Coughing, laughing singing, talking or suctioning can cause droplets.

(FLU)

  1. Wear a mask
  2. Restrict visits from uninfected people.
  3. Cover noses and mouth when sneezing. Wash hands if they’re soiled.
  4. Residents should wear masks from room to room
  5. Don’t save tissues.
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62
Q

Contact precautions

A

C Diff and pink eye. Touching resident or contaminated object

  1. Hand hygiene before and after entering
  2. Wear gloves and gown.
  3. Use single use equipment and disinfect what’s not single use.
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63
Q

Isolation guidelines

A
  1. Wear and remove PPE properly
  2. Remove ppe and put it in proper container before leaving resident’s room.
  3. PPE can’t be worn outside room except for respirator. Removed after leaving the room and closing door.
  4. Wash hands after taking PPE off and after closing door once left.
  5. Don’t share equipment between residents
  6. Wear proper PPE when feeding residents. Remove meal tray and take to proper area when done
  7. Follow standard precautions when dealing with body waste.
  8. Wear PPE when taking specimens.
  9. Listen to what residents are saying.

6.

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64
Q

Bloodborne pathogens

A

Pathogens found in human blood and bodily fluids

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65
Q

Most common way to be infected with Bloodborne disease

A

Contact with blood or body fluids

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66
Q

Majors Bloodborne diseases in US

A

AIDS HEPATITIS

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67
Q

Hepatitis

A

Inflammation of the liver caused by certain viruses and other things such as: alcohol abuse, medication, trauma. Damages liver function
Can cause other chronic illnesses.

Hep A, B &C. Can cause death.

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68
Q

Hep B

A

Spread through:
-Sex
-Infected needles
-Mother to baby during delivery
-blood splashes

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69
Q

Should you take the vaccine for hep B if you’re contaminated on the job?

A

Yes. And make sure to follow through with the 3 parts

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70
Q

Is there a vaccine for hep c?

A

No. It can cause cirrhosis, liver cancer and death. Be very very careful with fluids

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71
Q

Tuberculosis TB

A

Highly contagious.
Bacteria carried by mucous. Airborne disease.

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72
Q

Symptoms of tuberculosis

A

Coughing
Trouble breathing
Weight loss
Fatigue
Chest pain
Coughing up blood
Loss of appetite
Slight fever
Chills
Night sweats

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73
Q

Why is it important that doors remain closed with airborne pathogens

A

Rooms are under different pressure to help control spread.

Do not open or close quickly.

Help resident remember to take TB medication prescribed.

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74
Q

COVID 19

A

Droplet and airborne disease

Inhalation can occur at distances Greater than 6 ft. Enclosed spaces with poor ventilation increase the risk of infection

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75
Q

Signs and symptoms of COVID 19

A

Fever
Cough
Chills
Fatigue
Shortness of breath
Muscle aches
Sore throat
Loss of taste or smell
Nausea
Vomiting,
diarrhea
Headache

Can be infected from 2-14 days by can be infected longer and not show symptoms

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76
Q

COVID 19 precautions

A
  1. Monitor residents daily
  2. Wear PPE
  3. Residents will quarantine in room. Keep doors closed. Don’t open or close doors quickly
  4. Use disposable supplies
  5. Don’t share personal items
  6. Wash hands often
  7. Residents should wear face masks.
  8. Clean frequently touched surfaces
  9. Encourage residents to drink lots of fluids.
  10. Don’t touch eyes, nose or mouth
  11. Don’t go to work if you have a fever or feel sick.

12.Report more serious symptoms

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77
Q

More serious symptoms of COVID 19

A
  1. Difficulty breathing
  2. Persistent pain or pressure in chest
  3. Confusion
  4. Difficulty waking or remaining alert
  5. Prolonged elevated temperature
  6. Bluish, gray or unusually light lips or face.
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78
Q

Staphylococcus aureus

A

Common bacteria that causes infection.

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79
Q

MRSA or HA-MRSA

A

Strain of staph that’s resistant to methicillin

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80
Q

CA-MRSA

A

Community associated MRSA

MRSA infection that happens in people that haven’t been admitted to a facility and haven’t had MRSA before.

Shows up as skin boils and pimples. Increasingly more common.

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81
Q

How is MRSA spread?

A

Skin to skin contact
Or indirect contact

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82
Q

Signs and symptoms of MRSA

A

Drainage
Fever
Chills
Redness

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83
Q

Best way to prevent against MRSA

A

Hand washing using soap and water

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84
Q

VRE

A

Vancomycin resistant enterococci
Spread through direct and indirect contact. Live in digestive and genital tracts. Can sometimes cause infections.

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85
Q

Symptoms of VRE

A

Fever
Fatigue
Chills
Drainage

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86
Q

When is VRE life threatening?

A

1.Weak immune systems
2. Very young/old
3. Very I’ll

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87
Q

How is VRE spread?

A

Direct and indirect contact

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88
Q

C diff /CDI

A

Spore forming bacteria
Formed when normal GI flora is altered.
Produces toxin that causes watery diarrhea.

Transferred through direct and indirect contact

Can cause colitis

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89
Q

What increases the chances of cdiff

A

1.Enema
2. Nano gastric tube insertion
3. GI tract surgery
4. Elderly
5. Overuse of antibiotics

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90
Q

Will alcohol sanitizer kill cdiff?

A

No. Use soap and water each time. Bleach can help too

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91
Q

Symptoms of Cdiff

A
  1. Foul, watery stools
  2. Diarrhea that contains blood and mucus,
  3. Nausea
  4. Lack of appetite
  5. Abdominal cramps
    6.
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92
Q

Employer responsibilities for preventing infection

A
  1. Establish infection prevention procedures and exposure plan
  2. In service infection prevention education. Including airborne and Bloodborne pathogens. Be up to date with new safety standards
  3. Have written procedures to follow, including medical treatment and plans to prevent similar exposures.
  4. Provide PPE and teach employees how to use it.
  5. Provide free heb p vaccines for all employees
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93
Q

Employee responsibilities for infection prevention

A
  1. Follow standard precautions.
  2. Follow facility policies and procedures
  3. Follow care plans and assignments
  4. Use PPE as indicated or as appropriate
  5. Take free hep b vaccine
  6. Report exposures to infection, blood or body fluids immediately
  7. Participate in annual education programs
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94
Q

Long term care (LTC)

A

People who need 24 hr skilled care. Given in long term care facilities

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95
Q

Skilled care

A

Medically necessary care given by skilled nurse or therapist.

Ordered by doctor.

Involves treatment plan

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96
Q

Synonyms for nursing homes

A

Long term care facilities
Skilled nursing facilities
Rehabilitation centers
Extended care facilities

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97
Q

Length of stay

A

Days a person stays in a facility

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98
Q

Terminal illness

A

Illness eventually causes death

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99
Q

Chronic

A

Condition lasts a long time

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100
Q

Diagnoses

A

Medical conditions determined by doctor

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101
Q

Home health care

A

Care in someone’s home.
Older and chronically Ill.
Can also be when a person is weak after a hospital stay.

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102
Q

Assisted living

A

Residences. Need some help with daily tasks and medications. Don’t need 24 hr skilled care. Independent living homelike environment

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103
Q

Adult day services

A

Need help during certain hours, but don’t live where care is provided.
Not seriously I’ll or disabled.

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104
Q

Acute care

A

(er) 24 hr skilled care given in hospital or ambulatory center. People require short term immediate care.
Short stays for surgery.

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105
Q

Subacute care

A

Hospitals or long term facilities. Less cost & care than acute but more care than long term illness.
Ends when condition has stabilized or after time for treatment has been completed.

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106
Q

Outpatient care

A

Short term, skilled care. Don’t require hospital or other care facility. People who had treatments, procedures or surgeries.

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107
Q

Rehabilitation

A

Improve function after illness or injury

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108
Q

Hospice

A

People who are terminally Ill and won’t get better. Usually have 6 months to live. Give physical and emotional care. Support families during process.

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109
Q

Describe long term care facilities

A

Businesses

Care 24 hrs a day.

Can have specialized care

Helps with ADLs

-physical, occupational and speech therapy
-wound care
-tube care (like catheters)
-nutrition therapy
-management of chronic diseases

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110
Q

T/f special units require specialized workers

A

True

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111
Q

Who can own long term care facilities

A

Non profit or for profit facilities

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112
Q

Person centered care

A

Care revolves around resident, their preferences, choices, dignity and interests.

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113
Q

Trauma Informed care

A

Considering patient’s trauma when providing care.

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114
Q

What is Medicare? Who does it cover?

A

Federal health insurance program

65+ and permanent kidney failure or certain disabilities

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115
Q

What does Medicare cover?

A

Only what is medically necessary.

80% of costs. Not free, we pay for it

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116
Q

Medicare part A

A

Inpatient care,
Hospitals, home health, nursing facilities

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117
Q

Medicare Part B

A

Doctor’s visits, medical services and equipment

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118
Q

Medicare Part C

A

Private insurance Provide Medicare benefits

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119
Q

Medicare part D

A

Medications

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120
Q

What is Medicaid and who qualifies for it?

A

Free (uses other’s money)
Medical assistance program for people with low income and people with disabilities. Funded by government and state

  1. Low income and special circumstances
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121
Q

How much do Medicare and Medicaid pay?

A

Fixed amount based upon needs of person and stay

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122
Q

What do nursing assistants do?

A

Assigned nursing tasks like temp or vital signs and helping with ADLs

Bathing, assisting with meals, elimination, etc.

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123
Q

What can’t CNAs do?

A
  1. No sterile dressings
  2. No inserting or removing Catheters
  3. No giving medications?
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124
Q

Charting

A

Documenting and reporting changes in resident’s condition.

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125
Q

Who is part of care team?

A

Family
Residents
NAs
Medical staff

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126
Q

NA

A

Does minor nursing tasks and gives personal care.
Must have at least 75 hrs of training and be evaluated

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127
Q

RN

A

Coordinates, manages and provides skilled nursing care. Gives special treatment and medication prescribed by doctor. Assigns tasks and supervised daily care.

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128
Q

LPN/LVN

A

Gives medications and treatment. Completed one to 2 years of education . Passed exam

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129
Q

APRN

A

Nurse with advanced degree like nurse practitioner

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130
Q

Physician or Doctor (MD or DO)

A

Diagnoses disease or disability. Prescribes treatment and medication bachelor’s+ med school

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131
Q

Physician assistant

A

Diagnoses disease, disability, develops treatment plan, gives medication under MD supervision

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132
Q

PT

A

Helps recover mobility has doctorate degree

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133
Q

Occupational therapist

A

Helps residents adapt to disabilities and trains residents to do ADLs

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134
Q

Speech language pathologist

A

Communication disorders and problems swallowing. Helps them overcome speech issues.

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135
Q

Registered Dietitian or Nutritionist

A

Assesses resident’s nutritional status. Develops treatment plan to improve health and manage illness

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136
Q

Medical Social Worker

A

Helps determine resident’s needs and helps them find support services. Counseling or financial assistance. Clothing or personal items. Book appointments and transportation.

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137
Q

Activities director

A

Plans activities for residents to help them socialize and stay active

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138
Q

Resident and residents family

A

Resident should make their own choices and do as much as they can for themselves. Family has information about resident.

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139
Q

Who gives na instructions?

A

OT, PT or nurse

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140
Q

Liability

A

Held responsible for harming someone else.

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141
Q

Chain of command

A

Line of authority. Ensures proper resident care. Protects employer and employees

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142
Q

Describe chain of command

A

CNA>staff nurse>charge nurse>nursing supervisor>MDS coordinator>

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143
Q

Scope of practice

A

What you’re legally allowed to do professionally

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144
Q

Care plan

A

Individualized plan for taking care of patient. Updated daily. Tells you how to take care of residents

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145
Q

Who’s involved in making the care plan?

A

Family , resident, NAs, nurse

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146
Q

Policy

A

Course of action to take.
What to do in case of X

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147
Q

Procedure

A

Steps for appropriately carrying out policy

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148
Q

Common policies

A
  1. Resident info is confidential
  2. Care plan must always be followed
  3. NAs shouldn’t do things outside of their job description
  4. Report events and changes to nurse.
  5. Don’t discuss personal problems with residents
  6. NAs can’t accept money or gifts
  7. NAs must be on time and dependable
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149
Q

When in doubt about a task…..

A

Have it approved by the nurse

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150
Q

Compassionate

A

Caring concerned empathetic

151
Q

Empathy

A

Identifying with feelings of others

152
Q

Sympathy

A

Sharing in the feelings and difficulties of others

153
Q

Tactful

A

Showing sensitivity, knowing when things are appropriate

154
Q

Conscientious

A

Try to do your best. Having sense of right and wrong

155
Q

Ethics

A

Knowledge of right and wrong

156
Q

Laws

A

Rules set by government

157
Q

OBRA

A

Omnibus Budget Reconciliation act

1987

Try to improve poor care and prevent abuse

158
Q

_ minimum hours of in service education required to keep your license

A

12

159
Q

What does OBRA require in regards to resident assessments?

A

Complete assessments must be done on every resident. Assessment forms are the same in every facility

160
Q

What are OBRA surveys?

A

Periodic inspections to see of guidelines are being followed

161
Q

Cite

A

Document problem through survey

162
Q

T/F results from surveys are available to public and posted in facility?

A

True

163
Q

What are Residents’ rights?

A

Rights of residents. Code of conduct for employees. Residents are given a list of these rights and are made aware of them.

164
Q

List the residents’ rights

A
  1. Quality of life
  2. Services and activities to maintain wellness
  3. Right to be fully informed about rights and services
  4. Right to participate in their own care
  5. Right to make independent choices
  6. Right to privacy and confidentiality
  7. Right to dignity, respect and freedom
  8. Right to security of possessions.
  9. Rights during transfers and discharges. (Right to stay unless transfer or discharge is needed)
  10. Right to complain
  11. Right to visits
  12. Rights with regards to social services: counseling, legal and financial professionals
165
Q

Informed consent

A

Making decisions about healthcare with the help of a doctor. Their body their choice.

166
Q

What should you do if a resident asks you to call them by a nickname?

A

Document it.

167
Q

Abuse

A

Purposeful mistreatment that causes physical, mental, emotional pain, injury

168
Q

Physical abuse

A

Treatment that causes harm to a person’s body.

169
Q

Psychological abuse

A

Emotional harm caused by threatening, scaring or treating as a child

170
Q

Verbal abuse

A

Speaking, written words, pictures used to hurt or embarrass.

171
Q

Sexual abuse

A

Nonconsensual sexual contact of any type.

172
Q

Financial abuse

A

Improper, illegal use of person’s boundaries or possessions.

173
Q

Assault

A

Threat to harm an person

174
Q

Battery

A

Intentionally touching someone without consent

175
Q

Domestic violence

A

Abuse by intimate partners or family

176
Q

False imprisonment

A

Unlawful restraint of mobility. Threat of being restrained counts too. Not allowing resident to leave facility

177
Q

Involuntary seclusion

A

Separation from others against will. NA confining resident to their room.

178
Q

Workplace violence

A

Abuse from other staff

179
Q

Sexual Harassment

A

Unwelcome sexual advance or behavior that creates offensive working environment

180
Q

Substance abuse

A

Uses illegal drugs or legal drugs incorrectly

181
Q

Neglect

A

Failure to provide needed care that results in physical, mental or emotional harm

182
Q

Negligence

A

Actions. Failure to act and provide proper care. Aka forgetting to lock a wheelchair before transferring

183
Q

Malpractice

A

Someone is injured due to professional misconduct, negligence, carelessness or lack of skill

184
Q

Signs of abuse

A

1.Poisoning
2. Traumatic injuries
3. Teeth marks
4. Bruises scars
5. Burns, missing hair

  1. Yelling obscenities
  2. Fear of being alone
  3. Constant pain
  4. Threatening to hurt others
  5. Withdrawal
  6. Private convos not allowed
185
Q

Signs of neglect

A
  1. Body lice
  2. Unclean body
  3. Unanswered call lights
  4. Briefs not being changed
  5. No glasses or hearing aids
  6. Poorly fitting clothing
  7. Uneaten food
  8. Dehydration
  9. Not receiving medication
186
Q

What should you do if resident wants to make a complaint of neglect

A

Help them every step. Tell them how and their rights.

187
Q

Ombudsman

A

Legal advocate for residents. Visits facility and works with agency to solve complaints

188
Q

Which act requires all states to have an ombudsman program

A

Older Americans Act

189
Q

HIPAA

A

Health insurance portability and accountability act.
Patient health information must be kept private

190
Q

Protected health information

A

Information that can be used to identify a person and relates to the patient’s condition,
Any healthcare they’ve had
And payment for healthcare

Name address
SSN, email, medical record number

191
Q

What do you say when someone asks you how a patient is doing

A

“I’m sorry, but I cannot share that information.”

192
Q

Guidelines for protecting privacy

A
  1. Speak in private area
  2. Know who you’re speaking to on the phone. If you aren’t sure get name and number
  3. Be careful when greeting family and residents in public
  4. Don’t bring family and friends to meet residents
  5. Make sure no one can see phi
  6. Don’t give confidential info in emails.
  7. Don’t share resident info, photos or videos on social media
  8. Make sure fax numbers are correct
  9. Don’t leave documents where others can see them
  10. Destroy documents according to policy
193
Q

Medical chart

A

Legal document, cannot be altered. If it’s not in chart it didn’t happen.

194
Q

Why is careful charting important

A
  1. Guarantees clear complete communication
  2. Can be used as legal evidence
  3. Helps protect against liability
  4. Up to date record of each resident
195
Q

Main rule of documenting

A

Don’t record care before it is done! Ever !

196
Q

Guidelines for careful documentation

A
  1. Document care immediately after
  2. Be brief and clear
  3. Facts
  4. Don’t share login info
  5. Don’t let anyone enter info for you
  6. Make sure You’re logged into the right resident. Log out and close resident info when done.
  7. Check before exiting a resident’s chart.
  8. Don’t browse personal accounts at work
  9. Use black ink when documenting by hand. Try to write neatly
197
Q

In what kind of ink should you document by hand?

A

Black ink

198
Q

What should you do if you make a mistake while documenting by hand?

A

Draw one line through it. Write the correct information. Put your initials and the date. Don’t erase or use correction fluid

199
Q

What should you do if you make a mistake documenting on computer

A

Make another entry. It is timestamped.

200
Q

How should you sign charts?

A

Full name, and title

Write correct date

201
Q

What should you follow when documenting?

A

The care plan

202
Q

What is the minimum data set

A

Resident assessment system. Form with guidelines for assessing residents. Completed for each resident within 14 days of admission and every year.

203
Q

How often does the MDS have to be reviewed?

A

Every 3 months or when there is a major change in resident’s condition.

204
Q

What does MDS mean?

A

Minimum Data Set

205
Q

Incident

A

Accident, problem or unexpected event during care.
Must be documented

206
Q

Are incident reports confidential?

A

Yes

207
Q

Common incidents

A

1.Resident Falls

2.Broken things by na or resident

3.NA mistake

4.Requests outside of NAs scope of practice

  1. Resident or family makes sexual remarks
  2. Anything that makes NA feel unsafe
  3. NA gets injured on job
  4. NA is exposed to blood or bodily fluids
208
Q

How should you document something you didn’t see?

A

State only what you know.

“Mr. Grant says he fell”.
“Found Mr. Grant on the floor.”

209
Q

Should you place blame or liability in incident report?

A

No

210
Q

Guidelines for incident reporting

A
  1. Tell what happened stating only the facts
  2. State time, mental and physical condition of person
  3. Describe person’s reaction to the incident
  4. State facts, don’t give opinions
  5. Do not document on medical record that incident report was completed.
  6. Describe action taken to give care.
211
Q

Should you document on the medical record that an incident report was completed?

A

No, do not document on the medical record that an incident report was completed

212
Q

Communication

A

Exchanging info, giving and receiving messages

213
Q

Verbal communication

A

Spoken or written words. Oral reports

214
Q

Nonverbal communication

A

Not using words. Body language

215
Q

How should you treat a resident that speaks a different language

A

Always have an interpreter present when speaking to them or speaking with staff in front of them

216
Q

What should be reported immediately?

A

Falls
Chest pain
Severe headaches
Trouble breathing
Abnormal pulse, respiratory rates
Change in mental status
Sudden weakness

Fever

Change or Loss of consciousness

Bleeding
Swelling of body parts
Change in condition
Signs of abuse

217
Q

What kind of questions should NA ask?

A

Open ended

218
Q

How should NA communicate with residents

A
  1. Address them by their preferred name
  2. Identify myself
  3. Focus on topic
  4. Face resident while speaking and talk directly to them
  5. Listen and respond to them
    6.use positive language and smile often
  6. Encourage residents to interact with you and staff
  7. Tell resident when you leave room.
219
Q

Objective information

A

What you saw through senses

220
Q

Subjective information

A

What resident tells you

221
Q

Signs

A

What is observed

222
Q

Symptoms

A

What is reported

223
Q

How can you use your sense of smell

A

Body and breath odors
Foul smells coming from room

224
Q

Sight

A

Changes in resident’s appearance

225
Q

How can you use Hearing

A

Residents words, tone and breathing

226
Q

Touch

A

Resident’s skin and pulse

227
Q

Incontinence

A

Inability to control bowels or bladder

228
Q

Why do you need notes for oral reports?

A

So info is not forgotten when reporting

229
Q

What do you have to document after giving oral reports?

A

When
Why
About What
To whom was the report given

230
Q

What can I do to make sure I understand oral reports?

A

Repeat them back in my own words and ask questions

231
Q

Prefix

A

Word part that comes before word

232
Q

Root

A

Main word part

233
Q

Suffix

A

Word part added to the end of root

234
Q

How should you communicate on phone

A
  1. Identify yourself, position and facility
  2. Ask to place caller on hold if you need to find person.
  3. Write down messages and ask for proper spellings
  4. Get name, #, patients name, repeat it back
  5. Don’t give info about staff or residents
  6. Thank person for calling
235
Q

What do you do if someone is calling to give doctor’s order for resident?

A

Find the nurse, or take a message for the nurse

236
Q

Where should call lights always be?

A

Within reach of a resident’s stronger hand

237
Q

Why shouldn’t NAs give medical advice

A

Not within scope of practice. It could be dangerous

238
Q

Why shouldn’t you ask why questions?

A

It makes residents defensive

239
Q

Why shouldn’t you use Clichés?

A

Meaningless phrases that could make resident feel ignored

240
Q

Why should you watch your nonverbal communication

A

It can change the message you send out

241
Q

Defense mechanism

A

Unconscious behavior used to relieve tension or cope with stress

242
Q

Denial

A

Completely rejecting thoughts or feelings

243
Q

Projection

A

Seeing things in others that are one’s own

244
Q

Displacement

A

Transferring feelings to another situation. Unhappy husband at work later yells at his wife

245
Q

Repression

A

Blocking painful thoughts to memories

246
Q

Culture

A

System of learned beliefs and behaviors that’s practiced by group of people

247
Q

Impairment

A

Loss of function or ability. Can be partial or complete loss.

248
Q

How should you approach a patient that’s hard or hearing

A

Get their attention first

249
Q

How should you clean hearing aids

A

Follow manufacturer:s instructions. Wipe with proper cleaning solution and cloth. Always store in case . Turn it off when not in use. Take them out before showering or washing hair.

250
Q

Should you put light on resident’s face?

A

No, put it on your own

251
Q

Why shouldn’t you chew gum when speaking to a resident?

A

They may be hard or hearing and read lips.

252
Q

Why shouldn’t you pretend to understand a resident?

A

This leads to miscommunication

253
Q

When should you wash glasses?

A

As needed! In the morning and at night and whenever they get dirty

254
Q

Why should you report any issues with glasses to the nurse?

A

Residents have a right to their well-being

255
Q

Why should you preferably leave contact lens care to resident

A

Care for contact lenses varies.

256
Q

Why should you not touch a resident that’s visually impaired before identifying yourself

A

You could startle them

257
Q

What should you do when entering a new room with a visually impaired resident?

A

Let them know where things are. You can use the clock. Give specific instructions

258
Q

Why should you never leave doors partially open for visually impaired residents?

A

They could hurt themselves or not get the privacy they desire

259
Q

When should you give assistance cutting food?

A

When residents are visually impaired. Open all containers

260
Q

How can you help visually impaired residents keep track of time

A

Use clocks that chime or radio

261
Q

What should you not do to a guide dog

A

Feed it
Play with it
Or distract it

262
Q

Mental health

A

Normal function of emotional and intellectual abilities

263
Q

Things a mentally healthy person can do

A

1.Get along with others
2. Adapt to change
3. Care for himself and others
4. Give and accept love
5. Deal with situations that cause anxiety, disappointment and frustration
6. Take responsibility for their actions
7. Control and fulfill desires and impulses appropriately

264
Q

Mental health disorder

A

Disorder that affects mental health

265
Q

Signs and symptoms of mental health disorders

A

Confusion
Disorientation
Agitation
Anxiety

266
Q

How should you treat residents with mental health disorders

A
  1. Don’t speak to them like children
  2. Show respect.
  3. Be simple, honest and clear in communication.
  4. Avoid arguments
  5. Sit or stand at normal distance
267
Q

Combative behavior

A

Violent, hostile behavior.

Hitting, pushing verbal attacks.

Must always be reported even if NA doesn’t find it upsetting.

268
Q

How do you deal with combative behavior?

A

1.Block physical blows or step out of way but never hit back! Or threaten!

  1. Let resident calm down. Give space. Stay arm’s length away, closer to hallway.
  2. Lower tone of voice
  3. Be flexible and patient
  4. Stay neutral don’t respond to verbal attacks. Don’t accuse resident of wrongdoing
  5. Don’t make residents that frighten or startle resident.
  6. Keep hands open and in front of you.
  7. Consider what provoked resident.
  8. Report inappropriate behavior to nurse
  9. Listen to what angered resident
269
Q

How should you deal with inappropriate behavior?

A
  1. Try to distract resident
  2. Try to take them to a private area.
  3. Notify nurse. Report behavior even if you think its harmless
270
Q

How can you deal with inappropriate behavior from residents

A

Say “ that makes me uncomfortable”
“I can’t talk about my personal life on the job.”

271
Q

Who is responsible for safety in a facility?

A

Everyone. NAs must report any hazards they see

272
Q

How should furniture be before leaving?

A

In same place it was! Bed in lowest position!
Walkways to bathroom and around room should be clear

273
Q

Body mechanics

A

Way body parts work together when moving

274
Q

Alignment

A

Good posture. Both sides mirror each other

275
Q

Posture

A

Way person holds and positions their body. Must be maintained when lifting or carrying objects.

276
Q

How can someone keep proper body alignment when lifting or carrying objects

A

Keeping item close to their body. Feet should face in the direction he is moving

277
Q

What should you do instead of twisting at the waist?

A

Turn entire body or pivot feet

278
Q

Base of support

A

Foundation that supports an object.. feet.
Keep them shoulder width apart

279
Q

Center of gravity

A

Point in body where most weight is concentrated. Pelvis. Bend knees and lower pelvis

280
Q

What should you do before lifting anything?

A

Clear obstacles

281
Q

Should you lift with one or both arms?

A

Both

282
Q

How should you raise heavy objects

A

Lower your pelvis, bend your knees. Hold it close and lift together

283
Q

Whenever possible you should ___ or ____ objects instead of lifting

A

Push or slide

284
Q

How should you adjust a bed to make it?

A

Waist high. Avoid bending at waist

285
Q

Why should you coordinate with residents before moving them?

A

So they can help.
Count 1-2-3 and move on 3

286
Q

How should you help someone stand?

A

Put one foot in front of other and bend knees. Stand with feet shoulder width apart.

287
Q

Why shouldn’t you try to catch a falling resident?

A

You could injure yourself or the resident. Instead, you can guide them down

288
Q

What should you do when there’s a task you can’t do safely?

A

Report it to the nurse

289
Q

___ make up most of the accidents in care facilities

A

Falls

290
Q

Fracture

A

Broken bone

291
Q

These increase the risk of falls

A

Throw rugs
Exposed cords
Slippery or wet floors
Uneven floors or stairs
Poor lighting
Call lights that are out of reach or not answered

292
Q

Disorientation

A

Confusion about person, place or time

293
Q

How do you prevent falls during wheelchair transfers?

A

Lock wheels and move leg rests out of way.

294
Q

How do you prevent falls during bed transfers?

A

Lock bed wheels before helping resident in and out of bed. Return beds to lowest position after giving care.

295
Q

Scalds

A

Burns cause by hot liquids

296
Q

Where should you place hot drinks?

A

Away from edges

297
Q

Why should you offer help with elimination often?

A

So residents don’t try to go alone and fall

298
Q

Why should you know which residents are at greater risk of falling?

A

So you can pay special attention to them and try to keep them from falling.

299
Q

How long does it take for serious burns to occur at a temp if 140 ºF ?

A

5 seconds or less

300
Q

At what temperature at hot drinks served?

A

160-180ºF
Can cause instant burns

301
Q

Why should you pour hot drinks away from residents and put lids on them

A

So residents don’t get burned

302
Q

Before giving any care you should

A

Identify the resident
Identify yourself
wash hands

303
Q

The _____ ______ should always be compared with Id before feeding a resident

A

Diet card should always be compared with identification before feeding a resident

304
Q

The room number ____ be used to identify a resident

A

Cannot

305
Q

Who can choke on their own saliva

A

The weak, Ill or unconscious

306
Q

In what position should resident’s eat?

A

Upright

307
Q

Patients with ____ may hide food in their rooms

A

Dementia. Always check for odors

308
Q

Abrasion

A

Injury. Rubs off surface of skin

309
Q

After using sharp objects like clippers, you should,

A

Put them away

310
Q

Wheelchairs should not

A

Be pulled from behind

311
Q

Before entering elevators, wheelchairs should be pushed to face

A

Forward. Front of elevator

312
Q

How do you prevent smoking fires?

A

Empty ashtrays often
Look for hot ashes
Make sure smoking aprons are properly fastened

Never leave smokers unattended

313
Q

When charging e cigs you should

A

Only use the correct charger

Know if batteries must be removed manually and turned off after charging

Report damaged cords

314
Q

When fire alarms and exits are blocked, you should

A

Report to the nurse

315
Q

PASS

A

How to use fire extinguisher
1. Pull pin
2. Aim at base of fire
3. Squeeze handle
4. Sweep back and forth base of fire

316
Q

RACE

A

1.Remove anyone in danger
2. Activate alarm or call 911
3. Contain fire if possible by closing all doors and windows
4. Extinguish fire or fire dpt will extinguish it. Evacuate area if instructed to do so

317
Q

How do you safely help residents exit the building safely

A
  1. Know which residents need extra help..blind, deaf, disoriented, wheelchair
  2. Remove things blocking exits
  3. Don’t get in elevator unless told to by fire dpt
  4. Feel doors for heat and plug doorways if needed
  5. Use damp cloth to cover mouth and nose
  6. Stay low in a room to escape fire
318
Q

Can blankets be used as stretchers?

A

Yes

319
Q

OSHA

A

Occupational
Safety and
Health administration

Makes safety guidelines to protect workers from hazards

320
Q

Safety Data sheet / material safety Data sheet

A

List of all hazardous chemicals in a workplace. Has instructions on what to do if you come into contact. Tells you how to dispose of things

Staff needs to know where it is and how to read it

321
Q

Disaster guidelines

A
  1. Remain calm
  2. Know where stairways, exits, fire alarms and extinguishers are located

Know what to do in case of emergencies.

Use Internet to stay informed

Assess situation and assess victim

322
Q

How do you properly assess the situation?

A

Find out what happened?
Look at time
Make sure You’re not in danger

323
Q

Conscious

A

Mental alertness having awareness of surroundings, sensations and thoughts

324
Q

How do you properly assess a victim?

A
  1. Ask them what happened.
  2. Speak to them by name. See if they know it.
  3. Ask for consent to take their vital signs.
325
Q

Implied consent

A

Assume consent for
Children without parents present.
Unconscious or seriously injured people

326
Q

What should you look for when checking someone

A

1.serious bleeds
2.change in consciousness
3. Breathing
4. Color or feel of their skin
5. Swelling on body
6. Medical alert tags
7. Pain

Get help!
Nurse!
Listen to person and tell them what’s being done

327
Q

First aid

A

Emergency care given by first responders

328
Q

CPR

A

Medical procedures to get lungs and heart working again

329
Q

Brain damage can occur between - minutes after heart stops beating and breathing

Person can die within _ minutes

A

4-6

Can die within 10 minutes

330
Q

T/f some employers don’t let NAs start CPR without direction of nurse

A

True

331
Q

Obstructed airway

A

Something blocks breathing tube

332
Q

NA should stay with resident until resident cannot

A

Speak
Breathe or cough

She should get help immediately using call light or emergency cord

333
Q

When resident can still cough, speak or breathe NA should

A

Encourage them to cough forcefully

334
Q

Abdominal thrusts

A

Method of attempting to remove an object from obstructed airway

335
Q

Resident must show signs of severely obstructed airway before giving abdominal thrusts

A

Poor air exchange
Increase in trouble breathing
Silent coughing
Blue tinged skin
Inability to speak, breathe or cough

336
Q

What should NA do when signs of severe airway obstructions occur?

A

Are you choking? I know what to do. Can I help you? .

If yes, start performing abdominal thrusts

Help them to floor gently and perform CPR if allowed to do so

337
Q

Cyanotic skin

A

Blue tinged

338
Q

Shock

A

Organs and tissues don’t have adequate blood supply.

339
Q

Causes of shock

A

Bleeding, heart attack,
Severe infection, falling blood pressure.
Becomes worse when person is scared or in pain.

340
Q

Signs of shock

A
  1. Pale, gray bluish, discolored skin
  2. Staring
  3. Increases pulse and respiration rates, low blood pressure, extreme thirst.
341
Q

How to respond to shock?

A
  1. Notify nurse immediately
  2. Put on gloves before trying to control bleeding
  3. Have person lie down on back.
  4. Turn them on side if no injuries.
  5. Elevate legs 8-12 inches unless person has head neck, spinal, abdominal or back injuries.
  6. Check pulse and respiration if possible give CPR
  7. Keep person calm and comfortable as possible
  8. Maintain a normal body temperature. Place blanket around person if they’re cold. If it’s hot, give them shade.
  9. Don’t give food or fluids
  10. Report and document
342
Q

Myocardial infarction (MI) heart attack

A

Heart doesn’t get enough oxygen because blood vessels are blocked.

343
Q

Signs of MI

A

1.Sudden pain/pressure in chest, usually in left side or center. Elephant on chest

  1. Pain or discomfort in other areas. One or both arms, back, neck, jaw or stomach.
  2. Indigestion or heartburn.
  3. Shortness of breath
  4. Dizziness
  5. Pale, cyanotic color of skin, or mucous membranes (lack of oxygen)

7.perspiration. cold clammy skin

  1. Weak irregular pulse rate
  2. Low blood pressure
  3. Anxiety and sense of doom
  4. Denying heart problems
344
Q

Signs of MI in women

A

Can have heart attacks without chest pressure

More likely to have:

Shortness of breath
Dizziness, nausea vomiting,
Lightheadedness,
Fainting,
Stomach pain,
Sweating,
Fatigue,
Back,
Neck,
Jaw pain,
More flu like

More likely to deny heart problems

345
Q

How do you respond to a myocardial infarction

A
  1. Notify nurse immediately
    2.Place person in comfortable position. Encourage them to rest. Reassure that you won’t leave

3.Loosen clothing around their neck

  1. Don’t give food or liquids
  2. Monitor breathing and pulse. Begin CPR if they’re not breathing, have no pulse and you are allowed to do so.
  3. Stay with person until help arrives
  4. Report and document
346
Q

Bleeding: can cause death quickly

A
  1. Call nurse immediately
  2. Put on gloves. Tell resident to hold hand over wound
  3. Hold a thick sterile pad, clean cloth or clean towel against the wound.
  4. Press down hard directly, don’t remove pressure, don’t remove pads. Add additional pads if blood seeps through
  5. Raise wound above level of heart. If no injuries
  6. Secure dressing when bleeding is under control
  7. Check for symptoms of shock.
  8. Stay with person until help arrives
  9. Remove and discard gloves. Wash hands thoroughly.
  10. Report and document
347
Q

Treating minor burns

A
  1. Notify nurse immediately. Put on gloves.
  2. Use cool clean water to decrease temperature. Don’t use ice, it can cause skin damage. Dampen clean cloth
  3. Cover area with dry clean dressing or non adhesive sterile bandage.
  4. Remove and discard gloves. Wash your hands.
  5. Never use ointment
348
Q

Treating serious burns

A
  1. Remove person from source of fire. Stop drop and roll. Smother fire with blanket to put out. Protect yourself
  2. Notify nurse immediately. Put on gloves
  3. Check for breathing, pulse and severe bleeding. Start CPR if needed and allowed
  4. Don’t use ointment
  5. Do not try to pull clothes away from burned areas. Cover burn with sterile gauze or clean sheet.
  6. Don’t rub burned area.
  7. Don’t give food or liquids
  8. Monitor vital signs and wait for help
  9. Remove and discard your gloves.
  10. Report and document
349
Q

Syncope

A

Fainting. Decreased blood flow to brain.

350
Q

Causes of syncope

A

Low blood sugar
Abnormal heart rhythm
Hunger
Dehydration
Fear
Pain
Fatigue
Standing a long time
Poor ventilation
Pregnancy or overheating

351
Q

Signs and symptoms of syncope

A

Dizziness
Lightheadedness
Nausea
Perspiration
Pale skin
Weak pulse
Shallow respiration
Black vision

352
Q

Responding to fainting

A
  1. Notify nurse immediately
  2. Have person lie down or sit down before fainting occurs
  3. Place head below knees or raise legs about 12 inches
  4. Loosen tight clothing
  5. Have person stay in position for at least 5 minutes after symptoms disappear
  6. Help person get up slowly. Continue to observe for symptoms of fainting. Stay until they feel better.
  7. Lower person to floor gently if they do faint. Position on back and raise legs. Check breathing. Report to nurse immediately
  8. Report and document
353
Q

Insulin reaction

A

Hypoglycemia.
Low sugar presence in blood.
Too much insulin, too little food.
Person gets insulin and skips meal. Or they excercise a lot. Vomiting and diarrhea

354
Q

First signs of insulin reaction

A

Nervousness
Dizziness
Perspiration
Feeling weak or different

355
Q

Signs and symptoms of insulin reaction

A

Hunger
Headache
Rapid pulse
Low BP
Cold clammy skin
Confusion
Trembling
Blurred vision
Numbness of lips and tongue
Unconsciousness

356
Q

DKA

A

Too little insulin.
Undiagnosed diabetics. Low excercise. Physical or emotional stress

357
Q

Signs and symptoms DKA and Insulin reaction

A

Headache
Weakness
Rapid weak pulse
Low BP
Dry skin
Flushed cheeks
Drowsiness
Flushed cheeks
Nausea and vomiting
Shortness of breath or gasping for air
Unconsciousness

358
Q

Seizures

A

Involuntary violent contractions. Small area or entire body

359
Q

Responding to seizures

A
  1. Note the time. Put on gloves. Remove eyeglasses if person is wearing them.
  2. If person is walking or standing, lower them to floor. Cradle and protect their head. Place pillow under head. Loosen clothing and turn on side.
  3. Have someone call nurse immediately or use call light. Don’t leave unless you need to to get help.
  4. Move furniture away to prevent injury
  5. Don’t restrain or put things in their mouth.
  6. Don’t give food or liquids
  7. Note time when seizure is over. Turn them on their side if possible. Check pulse and breathing and give CPR is possible.
  8. Remove and discard gloves
  9. Report and document incident immediately. Including duration of seizure.
360
Q

Cerebral vascular accident (brain attack)

A

Blood vessel that supplies brain is blocked or bursts

361
Q

TIA transient ischemic attack

A

Signs of CVS.
Temporary lack of blood supply to brain. Symptoms may last up to 24 hours.

362
Q

TIA symptoms

A

Difficulty speaking
Weakness on one side of body
Temporary loss of vision
Numbness and tingling

363
Q

Other signs of tia or cva

A

Facial numbness, weakness or dropping partially on one side.

Hemiplegia

Hemiparesis

Expressive aphasia

Receptive aphasia

Use of inappropriate words

Severe headache

Blurred vision

Ringing in ears

Redness in face

Noisy breathing

Elevated BP

Slow pulse rate.

Nausea or vomiting
Loss of bowel and bladder control
Seizures
Dizziness
Loss of consciousness

364
Q

May be TIA signs in women

A

Pain in face
Weakness
Chest pain
Shortness of breath
Palpitations

365
Q

FAST

A

Face: is one side of face drooping? Is it numb? Ask person to smile. Is smile uneven?

Arms: is one arm numb or weak. Ask them to raise arms palms up. Does one drift back down?

Speech: is their speech slurred? Is the person unable to speak. Can person be understood? Ask person to repeat simple sentences

Time: time is important. Get help immediately.

366
Q

Hemiplegia

A

Paralysis on one side of body

367
Q

Hemiparesis

A

Weakness or numbness on one side of body

368
Q

Expressive aphasia

A

Inability to speak/slurred speech

369
Q

Receptive aphasia

A

Inability to understand spoken or written

370
Q

Emesis

A

Vomiting

371
Q

___ is common in residents under chemo

A

Vomiting

372
Q

Responding to vomiting?

A
  1. Notify nurse immediately
  2. Put on gloves
  3. Turn head up or to one side. Turn onto left side if unconscious. Place emesis basin under chin
  4. Remove soiled linens and clothes.. replace
  5. Measures vomit if possible. If I&o is being monitored.
  6. Flush vomit down toilet unless it has blood or dried coffee grounds. Show to nurse
  7. Remove and discard gloves
  8. Wash hands
  9. Put on clean gloves.
  10. Comfort resident. Wipe face & mouth and provide oral care.
  11. Put soiled linens in containers
  12. Remove and discard gloves.
  13. Wash hands
  14. Report and document
  15. Note time, amount, color, odor and consistency of vomit
373
Q

What guidelines apply to all disaster situations

A
  1. Calm
  2. Know exits, extinguishers, stairways and alarms
  3. Know what to do in every situation
  4. Use Internet or TV to keep up
374
Q

Two important steps to take first

A

Assess victim & situation

CNA (10 decks)

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