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CNA > Chapter 6 > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Flashcards

1
Q

Personal care

A

Tasks concerned with body appearance and hygiene

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2
Q

Hygiene

A

Keep bodies clean and healthy

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3
Q

Grooming

A

Caring for fingernails and hair

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4
Q

Personal care is part of ADLs t/f?

A

True

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5
Q

Am care

A

1.Offering bedpan/urinal
2. Wash face/ hands
3. Hair care, dressing and shaving
4. Mouth care before or after breakfast

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6
Q

Pm care

A

-bed pan or urinal before bed
- wash face/hands
-giving snack
- mouth care
-changing into night clothes
-giving backrub

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7
Q

What should you do if someone needs extra help

A

Try to let them do it, then document

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8
Q

What should you do when resident receives call

A

Leave to give them privacy

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9
Q

How should you treat resident’s private time and belongings

A

With respect

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10
Q

Should you interrupt when a resident is dressing?

A

No

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11
Q

What should you keep in you when providing personal care?

A

Small notepad

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12
Q

What should you write in your small notepad?

A

Patient symptoms and concerns which will be reported and documented to the nurse

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13
Q

What causes pressure points

A

Immobility

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14
Q

Pressure points

A

Areas of the body that bear too much weight

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15
Q

Bony prominences

A

Bone lies too close to skin

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16
Q

Areas at higher risk for skin breakdown

A

Elbows
Shoulder blades
Tailbone
Hips
Knees (in and out)
Ankles
Heels
Toes
Back of head
Ears
Under breasts or scrotum
Folds of buttocks
Or abdomen
Skin between legs
Bottom of pelvis (butt bones)

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17
Q

Lateral position

A

Side supported

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18
Q

Areas of risk in lateral position

A

Side of ear
Ear
Shoulder
Hip
Greater trochanter
Knees
Ankles

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19
Q

Prone position

A

Swimming, on stomach

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20
Q

Pressure danger zones prone position

A

Cheek
Collarbone
Breasts
Abdomen
Genitals
Knees
Toes

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21
Q

Supine position

A

Lying on back palms up

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22
Q

Supine position danger zones

A

Back of head
Shoulder blades
Butt bones
Elbows
Sacrum (base spine)
Between legs
Heels

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23
Q

Pressure sores

A

Skin breakdown

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24
Q

Shearing

A

Rubbing or friction that because skin moves one way and bones move in other or stay the same

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25
Q

Stage 1 pressure injury

A

Redness doesn’t go away after removing pressure. Different skin tone in darker people

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26
Q

Stage 2 pressure injury

A

Partial skin loss, injury is pink or red and moist. Could look like blister

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27
Q

Stage 3 pressure sore

A

Fat or muscle visible in injury slough and eschar

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28
Q

Slough

A

Yellow, tan, green or gray moist skin

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29
Q

Eschar

A

Dead tissue
Can be hard or soft
Black, brown, tan,
Can look like scab
Down to muscle but not through muscle

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30
Q

Stage 4 pressure sore

A

Full thickness skin loss
Down to bone
Like crater

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31
Q

Unstageable pressure injury

A

Full thickness skin and tissue loss but it’s covered in slough and eschar

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32
Q

Deep tissue pressure injury

A

Deep red, purple or maroon
Appears as blood filled blister
Painful area that may be warmer or cooler
Discoloration may be different

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33
Q

How often should position be changed when lying down?

A

Every 2 hrs

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34
Q

Can you massage pressure sores?

A

No

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35
Q

Fowlers position

A

Bed front raised 45-60º

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36
Q

Keep bed free from

A

Wrinkles and crumbs

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37
Q

How do you keep buttocks free from moisture

A

Use bed pad

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38
Q

How do you relieve pressure from bony prominences

A

Use pillows and other assistive devices

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39
Q

When in wheelchair Try to_____ to prevent pressure sores and improve circulation

A

Lift up hips

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40
Q

What must the bottom of a resident’s bed be kept free from

A

Wrinkles and crumbs

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41
Q

Cloth covered items that keep hand or fingers in a normal, natural position

A

Handrolls

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42
Q

May be caused by pulling a resident across the sheet transferring him

A

Shearing

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43
Q

Skin should be kept clean and

A

Dry

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44
Q

Keeps covers from resting on the legs and feet

A

Bed cradle

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45
Q

One type of material tat prevents air from circulating, causing skin to sweat

A

Plastic

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46
Q

At minimum, number of hours to reposition immobile resident

A

2

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47
Q

Skin this color should not be massaged

A

Red

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48
Q

In overweight residents you should pay extra attention to

A

Skin between folds

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49
Q

Key for keeping skin healthy

A

Proper nutrition

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50
Q

Draw sheets

A

Help move residents preventing shearing. Half a bed sheet

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51
Q

Where should draw sheet be positioned

A

Between shoulders and butt

52
Q

Foot board

A

Padded boards placed against feet for proper alignment

53
Q

Foot drop

A

Weakness of foot muscles

54
Q

Orthotic device

A

Helps support and align limb and improve it’s functioning. Splints are a type

55
Q

Trochanter rolls

A

Rolled towels or blankets used to keep resident’s hips and legs from turning outward

56
Q

Abduction pillows/wedges/splints

A

Pillows between legs from knees to ankles. Helps with proper positioning

57
Q

Splints should be ___ so skin doesn’t stick

A

Lined

58
Q

Partial bath includes

A

Hand, face, underarm, perineum, (feet)

59
Q

What should be washed every day

A

Hands, face, perineum, underarms

60
Q

Can you leave resident while bathing?

A

No, make sure you get everything first

61
Q

Change your gloves before giving ____ during bath

A

Peri-care

62
Q

Start with the ___ eye

A

Opposite

63
Q

What is your chest?

A

Shoulders to pubis

64
Q

Always make sure you pull skin back down on penis after washing t/f

A

True

65
Q

Before applying cream on resident

A

Warm it up

66
Q

Use ____ strokes for back rubs

A

Long upward

67
Q

Clean tub after ___ uses

A

Every

68
Q

Nail care should be given when

A

Nails are dirty, have jagged edges or assigned

69
Q

When can an NA cut toe nails?

A

Never, unless specially trained

70
Q

Best time to put cream on is after

A

Bath

71
Q

Pediculosis

A

Infestation of lice

72
Q

Safety razor

A

Sharp blade with special casing to prevent cuts

73
Q

Disposable razor

A

Requires shaving cream or soap, biohazard

74
Q

Electric razor

A

Safest and easiest. No soap or shaving cream

75
Q

Hold the skin ___ when shaving

A

Taut

76
Q

Shave in direction of

A

Hair growth

77
Q

Dress with

A

Weak

78
Q

Undress with

A

Strong

79
Q

Affected/ involved side

A

Side with problems

80
Q

Ted hose

A

Promote circulation by squeezing legs

81
Q

Should you rub an embolism?

A

No

82
Q

Embolism

A

Obstruction of blood vessel, usually because of clot

83
Q

Signs of poor oral care

A
  1. Irritation
    2.Raise areas
  2. Coated or swollen tongue
  3. Ulcers
  4. Dry cracked bleeding lips
  5. Decayed teeth
  6. Bad breath
84
Q

Oral care should be done

A

At least 2 times
After breakfast and after last meal
+
When requested

85
Q

How often oral care if unconscious

A

Every hour

86
Q

Why should unconscious patients get oral care every hour

A

Lack of fluid makes it dry

87
Q

Only swabs with ___ amounts of fluid should be used to clean mouth of unconscious patients

A

Tiny

88
Q

Position for oral care for unconscious patients

A

Side

89
Q

Dentures should never be cleaned with __ water

A

Hot

90
Q

Dentures cannot

A

Dry out

91
Q

Dentures should be in ___ cup when not worn

A

Denture cup

92
Q

Line sink with ___ before starting denture care

A

Towels

93
Q

When removing dentures take

A

Bottom out first

94
Q

When inserting dentures put ___ in first

A

Top

95
Q

Fracture pan

A

Pan for people with broken hips who can’t raise pelvis

96
Q

How often should urinals and bedpans be rinsed?

A

Every time

97
Q

Pour bedpans and urinals out in

A

Toilet not sink

98
Q

Fracture pan positioned with handle towards

A

Foot of bed

99
Q

Align bedpan with

A

Tailbone

100
Q

Portable commode

A

Used by ambulatory when bathroom is too far

101
Q

Semi fowlers

A

30-45

102
Q

High fowlers

A

60-90º

103
Q

Positioning

A

Helping residents into positions that promote comfort and health

104
Q

How many people to move resident up in bed

A

2

105
Q

Problems from not moving

A

Muscle contractures
Pressure sores

106
Q

Muscle contracture

A

Muscle gets short

107
Q

Logrolling

A

Moving resident as a unit without disturbing alignment

108
Q

When is logrolling necessary?

A

Neck, back or spinal cord injury

109
Q

Dangle

A

Sit up with legs hanging over bed
Regain balance
Stabilize BP
Prevent fainting

110
Q

Take orthostatic BP

A

Pulse+BP
Lie, sit, stand/dangle
(2 min between)

111
Q

When is orthostatic BP taken

A

Patient is dizzy or faints

112
Q

When is patient orthostatic

A

BP drops
Pulse goes up

113
Q

How to place hands for dangling

A

Under thighs and shoulder blades

114
Q

Ergonomics

A

Making things safer to suit worker abilities

115
Q

Most places have

A

Lift free policies

116
Q

Transfer belt should be positioned

A

Over clothing, to the side of navel

117
Q

Transfer belt helps residents who are

A

Unsteady, weak or uncoordinated

118
Q

Transfer belts can’t be used if

A

Resident has fragile bones or fractures

119
Q

Slide board

A

Helps with transfer patients who can’t bear weight

120
Q

If resident starts to fall

A

Bend knees and guide to floor

121
Q

Wheelchair should be placed on

A

Unaffected side

122
Q

Who can help with lifts

A

Anyone except housekeeping

123
Q

Can you operate lift alone?

A

No

124
Q

How to prevent spread of lice

A

Tell nurses as soon as you see them or signs

Don’t share head stuff

125
Q

Partial bath includes washing

A

Genitals

126
Q

Former name for pressure sores

A

Decubitus ulcers

127
Q

Aspiration

A

Foreign objects getting into lungs..water, spit, food. Can cause pneumonia

CNA (10 decks)

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