Chapter 3 Flashcards
Physiological needs (body)
(Food, shelter, activity, sleep, comfort)
Food
H20
Protection and shelter
Activity
Sleep
Rest
Comfort
Psychosocial needs (mental health)
(love, acceptance, security, independence, socializing, self esteem) Love and affection
Acceptance
Safety and security
Self reliance and independence
Contact with others
Success and self esteem
What affects psychological needs?
Health and well-being
Sexual needs continue for
Rest of lives
Masturbation
Touch or rub sexual organs to give pleasure
Hierarchy of needs
Physiological
Safety and security
Love
Self esteem
Self actualization
What should you do if you find sexual encounters where 2 adults consent.
Give privacy and leave
What should you do if a resident wants to visit a religious leader?
Report to nurse
What should you do if a religious leader arrives
Allow for privacy
Holistic care
Caring for mind and body. Whole person
When bathing residents you should
Take time to talk to them
Losses resident might be experiencing
Spouse
Work
Go to favorite place
Church
Home and personal possessions
Health and independence
Pets
Loss of acceptance lgbtq
Independence
Not relying money, ADLs, social activities
Feelings that occur when you lose independence
-poor self image
-anger towards caregivers, others self
-helplessness, sadness, hopelessness,
-useless
Anxiety and depression
Cultural diversity
Variety of people with different backgrounds and experiences living together
Race
Physical characteristics shared by common ancestry
Ethnicity
Race, culture, nationality, language
Activity
Improves and maintains physical and mental health
Meaningful activities improve
Independence
Memory
Self esteem
Quality of life
Physical activity regulates
Risk of heart disease
Colon cancer
Diabetes
Obesity
Anxiety
Depression
Mood
Concentration
Body function
Risk of falls
Sleep quality
Ability to cope with stress
Increase energy
Increase appetite and eating habits
Inactivity and immobility cause
Low self esteem
Anxiety
Depression
Boredom
Pneumonia
Utis
Skin breakdown pressure sores
Constipation
Blood clots
Dulled senses
Obra requires
Activities program
Nuclear family
2 parents children
Extended family
Parents, children, grandchildren, grandparents, aunts
Uncles, friends
Blended families
Divorced or widowed parents
How does family help resident
Making decisions
Communicating with care team
Giving support and encouragement
Connecting to outside
Assurance that traditions and memories will be valued
NAs cannot discuss resident’s care with
Family
Infancy
Birth-12 mos
In one year a baby moves from
Total dependence, to moving around, communicating basic needs, feeding themselves
Physical development in infancy moves from
The head down
Toddler
1-3 yrs
Gain independence
Speak, limb coordination, bathroom training
Learn they are individuals
Control parents through tantrums
Preschool
3-5 yrs
Words and language skills
Socializing
Right and wrong
Care for themselves
School age
5-10
Cognitive and social development
Explore world, peer groups, class activities
Conscience, morals, self esteem
Cognitive
Related to thinking and learning
Preadolescence
10-12
Self identity and identity with peers.
Puberty starts
Childhood fears give way to real world fears
On average girls start puberty
One year before boys
12-18
Sexual maturity
Peer acceptance
Pressures as dependent but social and sexual maturity starts
Young adulthood
18-40
Physical growth is done
Adopt healthy lifestyle
Psychological and social development continues
Tasks of young adulthood
Selecting education/occupation
Selecting mate
Learning to live with mate or others
Raising children
Developing satisfying sex life
Middle adulthood
40-65
Major life decisions already made
Body ages
Weight gain
Less strength and energy
Body functions slow down
Diseases and illnesses appear
Late adulthood
Adjust to effects of aging
Loss of health, strength,
Death of loved ones
Retirement
Preparation for own death
Can last as much as 25-35 years
Ageism
Prejudice towards elderly people
Normal changes of aging
Thinner, drier skin,
More fragile, less elastic
-weak muscles
-lost bone density
-sensitivity of nerve endings in skin
-slower reflexes
-short term memory loss
- weakened senses
-Less efficient heart pumps
–weakened lungs and lung capacity
-oxygen in blood decreases
-less appetite
-moves frequent bathroom breaks
-digestion takes longer
hormone levels decrease
-immunity weakens
-lifestyle changes occur
Is loss of logic a normal part of aging?
No
Is poor nutrition a normal part of aging?
No
Is shortness of breath a part of aging?
No
Is incontinence a part of aging?
No
Developmental disabilities
Present at birth or appear during childhood up to age 22
Chronic condition.
Restricts mental and physical activity
Intellectual disability
Mental retardation
Not mental disorder or disease
Below average development and mental function
Difficulty learning, communicating and moving
Teach ADLs to mentally disabled by
Breaking tasks down into smaller tasks
Depressive disorders
Loss of interest in everything.
Lessened ability to work, sleep and eat, causes physical and mental pain. Makes illnesses worse
Symptoms of depression
Pain
Low energy
Apathy
Anxiety
Irregardless eating
Sleeplessness
Withdrawal
Trouble concentrating
Bipolar disorder
Mood swings energy levels
Manic episodes
Extreme activity
Anxiety disorder
Anxious all the time without knowing why
Symptoms of anxiety
Shaking
Sweating
Muscle aches
Cold clammy hands
Dizziness
Chest pain
Rapid heart beat
Cold or hot flashes
Choking or smothering sensation
Dry mouth
GAD generalized anxiety disorder
Chronic anxiety and worry even when no reason for concern. Excessively worried about health, finances, work.
Panic disorder
Panic attacks regularly
Intense fear+ rapid heart beat dizziness, shortness of breath
Social anxiety disorder
Intense anxiety and discomfort in social situations
Phobia
Irrational fear of something
OCD
Intrusive behavior or thoughts that cause anxiety or stress. Repeatedly does actions
PTSD
Witnessing traumatic event
SA
Physical assault
Combat
Reliving trauma through flashbacks, bad dreams or thoughts.
Symptoms of PTSD
Constantly tense
Easily startled
Trouble sleeping
Anger
Irritability
Schizophrenia
Can’t think or communicate effectively,
Manage emotions, make decisions, understand reality. Interact with others
Hallucinations
False, distorted sensory perceptions. See things that aren’t there. Hear convo that isn’t happening
Delusions
Persistent false beliefs
Other people are controlling thoughts
Psychotherapy
Talking about one’s problems
CBT
Used to treat anxiety and behavior. Focuses on skills and solutions a person can use to modify negative thinking and behavior patterns
Intellectual disability vs mental health disorder
Mental health disorders can sometimes be cured, intellectual disabilities can’t.
Mental health disorder doesn’t always affect mental ability
Terminal illness
Eventually causes death
Preparing for death affects dying person’s
Emotions and behavior
Grief
Deep distress or sorrow over loss. Adaptive or changing process
Involves healing
Five stages of death and dying
Denial
Anger
Bargaining: make promises to God or caregivers
Depression
Acceptance
Advance directives
Medical care they wish to have if can’t decide themselves. Name someone else to make decisions if Ill or disabled.
Living wills and power of attorneys
Living will
Outlines medical care a person wants or does not want in case unable to decide..
Not same as will. Directs healthcare professionals.
Durable power of attorney for healthcare
Health care proxy
Signed dated and witnessed legal document.
Appoints someone else to make medical decisions. Can include instructions about treatment person does not want.
DNR order
Do not resuscitate
Don’t perform CPR
What influences attitudes about death?
Experiences with death
Personality type
Religious beliefs
Cultural background
How do you care for dying resident
-diminished senses
-care of mouth and nose
-Skin care: bed baths and incontinence care
-pain control and comfort. Reposition look for signs
- environment: favorite objects. Comfortable, appropriately lit, well ventilated.
-emotional and spiritual support
When resident is dying you should pay attention to:
Resident’s last words, comments about fear.
When resident is dying you should not
Avoid resident
Deny death
Do not say God knows when it’s time for everyone
Tell nurse if other residents have questions about resident that passed.
If someone requests religious leader while dying you should
Tell nurse immediately
When is someone legally dead?
No pulse
No BP
No respirations
Signs of approaching death
Blurry vision
Unfocused eyes
Impaired speech
Diminished sense of touch
Loss of movement muscle tone and feeling
Rising or below normal body temperature
Decreased BP
Weak pulse
Cheyne-stokes respirations
Rattling or gurgling
Cold pale skin
Mottling
Sweat
Incontinence
Disorientation
Cheyne-stokes respirations
Rapid shallow respirations along with periods of not breathing
Rigor mortis takes place between
2-6 hrs after death
Postmortem care
Care of body after death. Declared dead by nurse or Dr
When giving post mortem care don’t
Pull out tubes
Hospice care
Special care for dying person
Treats physical
Emotional
Spiritual and social needs
Given with Dr order 25/7
Palliative care
Comfort and dignity of resident
Palliative care
People with serious chronic diseases
Dying residents should feel ____ as long as possible
Independent
Dying person’s bill of rights
Not die alone
Be free from pain
Not be deceived
Retain individuality
Legal rights of dying residents
-refuse
-privacy
-visitors
Can be very important. Holding a dying resident’s hand can be comforting
Touch
NAs should not discuss their ____ or spiritual beliefs with residents
Religious
Apathy
Lack of interest in activities
4 guidelines for caring for residents with intellectual disabilities
- Repeat
- Praise
- Break down ADLs
- Encourage socializing
Things affected by developmental disabilities
ADLs
Communication
Learning
Movement
Socializing
Self care
What is family
Support of one another
One type of cancer that regular physical activity lessens risk of
Colon
Type of infection that can come from inactivity
UTI
Ability to cope with this is one benefit of regular activity
Stress
Before activities begin, something NAs can help residents with
Grooming
Something increased by regular activity in addition to promoting better eating habits
Appetite
Abbreviation for federal law requiring that facilities provide an activities program that meets the interests of residents
OBRA
A loss of independence can cause increased
Dependence
NAs should encourage _____regardless of how long it takes
Self care
5 physiological needs
Food H2O
Protection
Activity
Sleep and rest
Comfort
6 basic psychosocial need
- Love
- Acceptance
- Safety and security
- Independence
- Socializing
- Self esteem
Name 2 types of advance directives
Power of attorney and living will
Who declares people dead?
Dr or nurse
