Chapters 1 Flashcards
___ was previously used instead of corrections.
Penology
What is penology?
study of the use of punishment for criminal acts
What is a penitentiary?
First word used to describe secure facilities used to hold offenders serving sentences
The 1950s saw an increase in ____ and a decrease in ____.
rehabilitation, punishment
Define corrections
range of community +instutional sanctions, treatment programs, and services for managing offenders
3 parts of the CRJ System
Police, Courts, Corrections
Define penal code
Legislative authorization to provide a specific range of punishment for a crime
Difference between misdemeanor and felony charges
Misdemeanor- punishable by setence of 1 year or less
Felony- punishable by sentence of more than 1 year
Who founded the Classical School of Criminology?
Cesare Beccaria
Classical School of Criminology ideals
crime is based on the offenders free will
purpose of punishment is utility and prevention
Who founded Positive School of criminology?
Cesare Lombroso
Positive School of criminology ideals
criminal behavior is predetermined (genetics)
Atavism (existence of evolutionary traits)
Neoclassical school of criminology ideals
hold offenders accountable while considering mitigating/aggravating circumstances
What were some early responses to crime?
corporal punishment (torture/branding)
Transporting all offenders to British colonies
Who was John Howard?
sheriff of Bedfordshire who encouraged reform of English jails in late 1700’s
First penitentiary
Walnut Street Jail
Who created a new penal code and abolish capital punishment
William Penn & Quakers
Order the eras of prison treatment (4)
Reformatory, Industrial, Rehabilitative, Retributive
Describe the Reformatory Era
reform through school and vocational programs
- created major financial burden
Describe Industrial Prison Era
inmates worked and produce items
The Industrial Prison era was the end of the ______.
Hands-off Doctrine
What is the Hands-off Doctrine
supreme court decision to step back from monitoring corrections
Describe Rehabilitative Era
medical model, reintegration, formed treatment programs
Describe Retributive Era
tough on crime, isolation from citizens
Goals of Sentencing + Describe (5)
Punishment- infliction of pain
Deterrence- prevention of crime thru punishment
Incapacitation- incarceration
Rehabilitation- prevent recidivism
Reinstitution- making victim whole
Describe Pennsylvania System
separate and silent system of prison operations
emphasis on reform and avoidance of criminal contamination
Describe Auburn system
congregate and silent operations of prisoners
inmates allowed to work together during the day but separate and silent at night
Define restitution
acts by which criminals make right or repay society or victims for their wrongdoings
Define furlough
program in which prisons are allowed to leave prison early to reside in a halfway house and prepare for community re-entry
Tough on crime era
the attitude that criminals should be severely punished for their wrongdoings and long prison sentences are the most effective
