Chapters 1 Flashcards

1
Q

___ was previously used instead of corrections.

A

Penology

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2
Q

What is penology?

A

study of the use of punishment for criminal acts

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3
Q

What is a penitentiary?

A

First word used to describe secure facilities used to hold offenders serving sentences

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4
Q

The 1950s saw an increase in ____ and a decrease in ____.

A

rehabilitation, punishment

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5
Q

Define corrections

A

range of community +instutional sanctions, treatment programs, and services for managing offenders

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6
Q

3 parts of the CRJ System

A

Police, Courts, Corrections

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7
Q

Define penal code

A

Legislative authorization to provide a specific range of punishment for a crime

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8
Q

Difference between misdemeanor and felony charges

A

Misdemeanor- punishable by setence of 1 year or less
Felony- punishable by sentence of more than 1 year

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9
Q

Who founded the Classical School of Criminology?

A

Cesare Beccaria

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10
Q

Classical School of Criminology ideals

A

crime is based on the offenders free will
purpose of punishment is utility and prevention

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11
Q

Who founded Positive School of criminology?

A

Cesare Lombroso

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12
Q

Positive School of criminology ideals

A

criminal behavior is predetermined (genetics)
Atavism (existence of evolutionary traits)

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13
Q

Neoclassical school of criminology ideals

A

hold offenders accountable while considering mitigating/aggravating circumstances

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13
Q

What were some early responses to crime?

A

corporal punishment (torture/branding)
Transporting all offenders to British colonies

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13
Q

Who was John Howard?

A

sheriff of Bedfordshire who encouraged reform of English jails in late 1700’s

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14
Q

First penitentiary

A

Walnut Street Jail

14
Q

Who created a new penal code and abolish capital punishment

A

William Penn & Quakers

15
Q

Order the eras of prison treatment (4)

A

Reformatory, Industrial, Rehabilitative, Retributive

16
Q

Describe the Reformatory Era

A

reform through school and vocational programs
- created major financial burden

17
Q

Describe Industrial Prison Era

A

inmates worked and produce items

18
Q

The Industrial Prison era was the end of the ______.

A

Hands-off Doctrine

19
Q

What is the Hands-off Doctrine

A

supreme court decision to step back from monitoring corrections

20
Q

Describe Rehabilitative Era

A

medical model, reintegration, formed treatment programs

21
Q

Describe Retributive Era

A

tough on crime, isolation from citizens

22
Q

Goals of Sentencing + Describe (5)

A

Punishment- infliction of pain
Deterrence- prevention of crime thru punishment
Incapacitation- incarceration
Rehabilitation- prevent recidivism
Reinstitution- making victim whole

23
Q

Describe Pennsylvania System

A

separate and silent system of prison operations
emphasis on reform and avoidance of criminal contamination

24
Q

Describe Auburn system

A

congregate and silent operations of prisoners
inmates allowed to work together during the day but separate and silent at night

25
Q

Define restitution

A

acts by which criminals make right or repay society or victims for their wrongdoings

26
Q

Define furlough

A

program in which prisons are allowed to leave prison early to reside in a halfway house and prepare for community re-entry

27
Q

Tough on crime era

A

the attitude that criminals should be severely punished for their wrongdoings and long prison sentences are the most effective

28
Q
A