Chapters 1 Flashcards
___ was previously used instead of corrections.
Penology
What is penology?
study of the use of punishment for criminal acts
What is a penitentiary?
First word used to describe secure facilities used to hold offenders serving sentences
The 1950s saw an increase in ____ and a decrease in ____.
rehabilitation, punishment
Define corrections
range of community +instutional sanctions, treatment programs, and services for managing offenders
3 parts of the CRJ System
Police, Courts, Corrections
Define penal code
Legislative authorization to provide a specific range of punishment for a crime
Difference between misdemeanor and felony charges
Misdemeanor- punishable by setence of 1 year or less
Felony- punishable by sentence of more than 1 year
Who founded the Classical School of Criminology?
Cesare Beccaria
Classical School of Criminology ideals
crime is based on the offenders free will
purpose of punishment is utility and prevention
Who founded Positive School of criminology?
Cesare Lombroso
Positive School of criminology ideals
criminal behavior is predetermined (genetics)
Atavism (existence of evolutionary traits)
Neoclassical school of criminology ideals
hold offenders accountable while considering mitigating/aggravating circumstances
What were some early responses to crime?
corporal punishment (torture/branding)
Transporting all offenders to British colonies
Who was John Howard?
sheriff of Bedfordshire who encouraged reform of English jails in late 1700’s