Chapter 6: Parole & Prisoner Reentry Flashcards

1
Q

Parole

A

conditional release of inmates by a parole board prior to the expiration of their sentence

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2
Q

Alexander Maconochie

A

superintendent of British penal colony Norfolk Island from 1841 to 1844
-created a system of marks for good behavior that could lead to graduated release

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3
Q

Mark system

A

credits against a sentence that allowed for inmates to be released early once they earned the required level of marks thru work and behavior

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4
Q

Ticket of release

A

used by Maconochie, on earning required marks prisoners received a conditional pardon and were released into the community

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5
Q

Sir Walter Crofton

A

director of Irish prison system who began implementing many of Maconochie’s ideas

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6
Q

Zebulon R. Brockway

A

leading US penologist who was a proponent of adopting the Irish system in the US
- 1st superintendent of Elmira Reformatory

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7
Q

Elmira Reformatory

A

first reformatory in the US, used principles of Irish system

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8
Q

Justice model

A

model of sentencing that would use flat, determinate sentences, eliminate parole boards, and make all treatment voluntary

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9
Q

Just Deserts Model

A

model for sentencing that had fixed sentences for each crime so that punishment fit the crime (von Hirsch)

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10
Q

Discretionary parole

A

release of inmates in which decision is made by parole board

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11
Q

Supervised mandatory release

A

release in which inmates serve determinate sentence and are released with a period of supervision following

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12
Q

Unconditional mandatory release

A

release in which inmates serve full portion of sentence and have no supervision after release

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13
Q

Salient factor score

A

point determination used for each inmate for use with parole guideline, score is based on factors predictive of success

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14
Q

Hearing officers

A

officials who are not appointed parole board members but hold parole hearings to make recommendations to parole board regarding releases

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15
Q

Presumptive parole date

A

date an inmate can expect to be released on parole

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16
Q

Positive contact

A

face-to-face contact between parole officer and offender

17
Q

Violation

A

failure to follow conditions of parole supervision

18
Q

Morrissey v. Brewer

A

decision that once parole is granted, a liberty interest is created and offenders must have certain due process rights to revoke that liberty

19
Q

Prisoner reentry

A

process of an inmate leaving prison and returning to the community

20
Q

Collateral consequences

A

adverse effects on the offender that stem from a criminal conviction but are not included in the sentence imposed by court
Ex. holding specific jobs, living in public housing, reuniting with child