chapter_9 substannce use Q&A Flashcards
What are the two main types of substance-related disorders?
Substance use disorders and substance-induced disorders.
What is the definition of withdrawal in substance use?
The development of physical or psychological symptoms after reducing or stopping substance intake.
What is tolerance in substance use?
The need for increased amounts of a substance to achieve the same psychological effect.
Which neurotransmitter is most associated with stimulant use?
Dopamine (DA).
What is cross-tolerance?
The development of tolerance to one substance due to use of another.
What are some examples of CNS stimulants?
Caffeine, nicotine, amphetamines, and cocaine.
What is the primary mechanism of action for stimulants?
They increase dopamine availability by stimulating release and blocking reuptake.
Which substance causes formication (‘cocaine bugs’)?
Cocaine.
What is the most commonly used substance worldwide?
Alcohol.
What is the legal intoxication BAC level?
0.08%–0.15% BAC.
Which withdrawal syndrome has a 20% mortality rate and occurs on day 3?
Delirium tremens (DTs).
What is the main neurotransmitter affected by sedatives?
GABA.
Which medication is used for benzodiazepine overdose?
Flumazenil (Mazicon, Romazicon).
What are the main opioid withdrawal symptoms?
Yawning, sweating, rhinorrhea, diarrhea.
What are the main opioid maintenance treatments?
Methadone and Buprenorphine (Subutex, Suboxone).
What is the active compound in marijuana?
Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC).
What syndrome is associated with chronic marijuana use?
Amotivational syndrome.
Which hallucinogen is associated with vertical/horizontal nystagmus and violent behavior?
PCP (Phencyclidine).
What receptor does PCP primarily bind to?
NMDA glutamate receptors.
Which substance use disorder is associated with pupil dilation?
Stimulants and LSD use.
Which substance use disorder is associated with pupil constriction?
Opioid use.
Which medications are used for alcohol dependence maintenance therapy?
Disulfiram (Antabuse), Naltrexone (ReVia), Acamprosate (Campral).
What medications are used for smoking cessation?
Nicotine replacement therapy (patch, gum), Varenicline (Chantix), Bupropion (Zyban).
What is the primary treatment for opioid overdose?
Naloxone (Narcan).
Which treatment is recommended for stimulant withdrawal?
Supportive care.
Which organizations provide peer support for substance use disorders?
Alcoholics Anonymous (AA), Narcotics Anonymous (NA).
Which therapy is commonly used for relapse prevention?
Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT).
What is a dual-diagnosis patient (MICA)?
A patient with both psychiatric and substance use disorders.
What are the common signs of alcohol withdrawal in the emergency department?
Tremors, seizures, hallucinations, and autonomic instability.
Which neurotransmitter is most affected by hallucinogens?
Serotonin (5-HT).
