Chapter_12_depressive_bipolar disoreders Flashcards
What is the core feature of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)?
Depressed mood or anhedonia for at least 2 weeks.
What are the key symptoms of MDD?
Depressed mood, weight change, sleep disturbances, fatigue, guilt, poor concentration, suicidality.
What mnemonic can help remember MDD symptoms?
SWAG: Suicidality, Weight loss, Anhedonia, Guilt.
What distinguishes Bipolar I from Bipolar II disorder?
Bipolar I requires at least one manic episode; Bipolar II requires hypomania and at least one major depressive episode.
What is cyclothymic disorder?
Chronic hypomania and depressive symptoms for at least 2 years without meeting full criteria for bipolar disorder.
What are the symptoms of a manic episode?
Elevated mood, grandiosity, increased energy, talkativeness, flight of ideas, psychotic symptoms.
What is the strongest risk factor for suicide?
Prior suicide attempt.
Which age and gender group is at the highest suicide risk?
Males over 45 years old.
Which neurotransmitters are implicated in depression?
Serotonin (↓), Norepinephrine (↓), Dopamine (↓).
Which neurotransmitter increases in mania?
Dopamine.
How does the HPA axis contribute to depression?
Hyperactivity leads to increased cortisol levels.
Which mood disorder has the strongest genetic link?
Bipolar disorder (60-80% heritability).
What is the first-line treatment for Major Depressive Disorder?
SSRIs (fluoxetine, sertraline), SNRIs.
What is the first-line treatment for Bipolar Disorder?
Mood stabilizers (lithium, valproate, carbamazepine).
What is the most effective treatment for treatment-resistant depression?
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT).
Which therapy is the gold standard for depression?
Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT).
Which screening tool is used for depression?
PHQ-9.
Which screening tool is used for bipolar disorder?
Mood Disorder Questionnaire (MDQ).
Which condition can mimic depression?
Hypothyroidism.
What are major risk factors for suicide?
Prior attempt, male gender, alcohol dependence, history of violent behavior.
Why should antidepressants not be used alone in bipolar disorder?
They can trigger manic episodes.
Which medication requires renal and thyroid monitoring?
Lithium.
What is the major side effect of valproate?
Teratogenicity and liver toxicity.
