Chapter_13_anixiety and somatic disorders Flashcards
What are the primary types of anxiety disorders in DSM-5?
Panic disorder, phobias, generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), OCD, PTSD.
What neurotransmitters are involved in anxiety disorders?
Increased norepinephrine, decreased serotonin, decreased GABA.
Which brain regions regulate anxiety?
Locus ceruleus, raphe nucleus, amygdala, prefrontal cortex.
What is the first-line pharmacological treatment for anxiety disorders?
SSRIs such as fluoxetine, sertraline, escitalopram.
What is the primary psychotherapy for anxiety disorders?
Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT).
Which medication is used short-term for acute anxiety?
Benzodiazepines such as alprazolam and lorazepam.
What is the hallmark symptom of panic disorder?
Recurrent unexpected panic attacks.
What is agoraphobia?
Fear of situations where escape is difficult or help is unavailable.
What is generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)?
Persistent excessive anxiety for more than 6 months.
Which medication is used for performance anxiety?
Beta-blockers such as propranolol.
What are obsessions in OCD?
Intrusive, unwanted thoughts causing distress.
What are compulsions in OCD?
Repetitive behaviors performed to reduce anxiety.
What is the treatment for OCD?
SSRIs and exposure-response prevention therapy.
What are the key symptoms of PTSD?
Intrusions (flashbacks), avoidance, hyperarousal, negative mood changes.
What is the duration of symptoms for PTSD diagnosis?
Symptoms persist for more than 1 month.
Which medication helps reduce PTSD-related nightmares?
Prazosin.
How does acute stress disorder differ from PTSD?
Acute stress disorder symptoms last less than 1 month.
What is adjustment disorder?
Emotional symptoms occurring within 3 months of a stressor and resolving within 6 months.
What are somatic symptom disorders?
Conditions where physical symptoms cause distress without a clear medical cause.
How does illness anxiety disorder differ from somatic symptom disorder?
Illness anxiety disorder is fear of having an illness without significant physical symptoms.
What is conversion disorder?
Sudden loss of sensory or motor function without a medical explanation.
What is factitious disorder?
Intentional production of symptoms without external incentives.
How does malingering differ from factitious disorder?
Malingering involves symptom fabrication for external gain.
What is the management of somatic symptom disorder?
Regular physician visits, CBT, and minimizing unnecessary procedures.
What is the primary treatment for illness anxiety disorder?
Reassurance and cognitive-behavioral therapy.
What is the primary management for conversion disorder?
Supportive therapy and behavioral therapy.
How is malingering identified?
Identifying inconsistencies and evidence of secondary gain.
Which disorder is characterized by excessive worry about multiple physical complaints?
Somatic symptom disorder.
What therapy is most effective for phobias?
Exposure therapy and systematic desensitization.
What are the key features of social anxiety disorder?
Fear of social situations and scrutiny by others.
Which medications are used for social anxiety disorder?
SSRIs, beta-blockers for performance anxiety.
What is systematic desensitization?
Gradual exposure to feared stimuli while using relaxation techniques.
What is the best initial treatment for acute panic attacks?
Benzodiazepines (short-term use).
What is a common sleep disturbance seen in PTSD?
Frequent nightmares and insomnia.
What is the gold standard treatment for PTSD?
Trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT).
