Chapter8

Question 1

Acid

Answer 1

any compound that increases the number of hydronium ions (H3O⁺) by ionizing H₂O molecules. Acid pH <7.

Question 2

All acids ionize when dissolved in water.

Answer 2

Strong acids ionize completely. Weak acids do not ionize completely.

Question 3

Electrolyte

Answer 3

a substance that conducts electricity when dissolved in water.

Question 4

Strong Acids vs. Weak Acids

Answer 4

Strong acids are strong electrolytes.

Weak acids are weak electrolytes.

Question 5

Base

Answer 5

any compound that increases the number of Hydroxide ions (OH^—) when dissolved in water. Base pH >7;

Question 6

Some bases contain hydroxide ions. Others don’t.

Answer 6

Bases that don’t contain Hydroxide ions, OH⁻,
will ionize water molecules to form Hydroxide ions.

Question 7

Strong Bases

Answer 7

ionic compounds that contain a metal ion and a hydroxide ion (OH^–)

Strong bases are strong elecrolytes

Question 8

pH a value used to express the acidity, or alkalinity, of a solution.

Based on the concentration of Hydronium ion (H₃O⁺)

Answer 8

mol (H₃O⁺)/ #L H₂O = 10^-7 mol (H₃O⁺)/1L H₂O —> pH water = 7. So H₂O pH = 7.

for pure H₂O molarity

Question 9

Neutralization reaction

Answer 9

the ionic reaction of hydronium and hydroxide ions to form water molecules and a salt.

Question 10

Salt

Answer 10

an ionic compound that forms when a metal atom, or a positive radical, replaces the hydrogen of an acid.

Salts are composed of cations and anions other than oxide or hydroxide.

Question 11

Titration

Answer 11

the process of gradually adding once solution to another in the presence of an indication to determine the concentration of one of the solutions, via neutralization.

Question 12

Equivalence point

Answer 12

is the point at which chemically equivalent quantities of acid and base have been mixed, i.e. the moles of acid are equivalent to the moles of base.

Question 13

The pH scale

Answer 13

ranges from 0 to 14. A pH of 7 is neutral. A pH less than 7 is acidic. A pH greater than 7 is basic. Pure H2O. pH=7 Base pH >7 Acid pH

Question 14

Hydroxide ion

Answer 14

OH^—

Question 15

Hydronium ion

Answer 15

H₃O^{<span>+</span>}