chapter 3 Flashcards
Kinetic Theory
> All matter is made of atoms and molecules that act like tiny particles > These tiny particles are always in motion. The higher the temperature of the substance, the faster the particles move. > At the same temperature, more-massive (heavier) parties move slower than less-massive (lighter) parties.
per Kinetic Theory as particles gain energy in the form of heat, they begin to ____
move faster.
Solids have a definite _____
shape and volume
Crystalline solids (iron, diamond, ice) have an_________
orderly arrangement of atoms or molecules.
Amorphous Solids are composed ______
of atoms or molecules that are in no particular order, each particle in a particular place, but the particles are in no organized pattern.
Liquids have variable ____ and fixed _____
variable shape& fixed volume
surface tension.
The cohesive forces among liquid molecules are responsible for the phenomenon of surface tension. In the bulk of the liquid, each molecule is pulled equally in every direction by neighboring liquid molecules, resulting in a net force of zero.
Plasma is _____
ionized gas.
Energy is the capacity to _______
do work; i.e. to change or move matter.
Temperature
a measure of the average kinetic energy of the parties in an object.
When a substance loses or gains energy, either its temperature changes, or its state changes. But the temperature of a substance doesn’t change during a change of state!!!!
e.g. liquid water with ice won’t change its temperature until all ice has melted!!!
in changes of state____.
Mass and energy are conserved
Fluid
a non-solid state of matter in which the atoms or molecules are free to move past each other, as in a gas.
Buoyant Force
the upward force exerted on an object immersed in or floating on a fluid. The weight of the displaced fluid is equal to the buoyant force acting on the object.
Archimedes Principle
the buoyant force on a object in a fluid is an upward force equal to the weight of the volume of the fluid the object displaces. IE. if an object displaces 1M^3 of water, the buoyant force will be equal to ~1 metric ton.
