chapter 4

Question 1

Orbital

Answer 1

a region in an atom where there is high probability of fining electrons. there are s,p,d, & f orbitals. Each orbital can hold only two electrons.

Question 2

an electron at a higher energy level has_____ kinetic energy & occupies a ______ orbital level

Answer 2

greater kinetic energy
&
higher orbital level

Question 3

Periodic Law

Answer 3

the repeating chemical and physical properties of elements change periodically with the atomic numbers of the elements.

Question 4

Period

Answer 4

a horizontal row of elements in the periodic table.

Question 5

Group

Answer 5

a vertical column of elements in the periodic table.

Question 6

Group 1 & 2 elements lose electrons to form _____

Answer 6

positive ions (CATIONs) because it brings them to the noble gas configuration in terms of shells

Question 7

Group 13-17 gain electrons forming

Answer 7

(ANIONs) because it again brings them closer to the noble gas configuration in terms of shells

Question 8

Transition metals mostly form

Answer 8

positive ions (cations) with a charge of 2/3+.

Question 9

Atomic Number (Z)

Answer 9

the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.

Question 10

Mass number (A)

Answer 10

sum of the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom, i.e. number of neutrons = A-Z.

Question 11

Isotope

Answer 11

the same number of protons & a different number of neutrons.

Question 12

Average Atomic mass

Answer 12

the weighted average of the masses of all naturally occurring isotopes of an element.

Question 13

Atomic Mass Unit (amu)

Answer 13

a unit of mass that describes the mass of an atom or molecule. it is exactly 1/12 the mass of a carbon atom with mass number 12.

Question 14

Metal

Answer 14

an element that is shiny, conducts heat and electricity well.

Question 15

Semiconductors

Answer 15

not metals that are intermediate conductors of heat and electricity.

Question 16

Nonmetal

Answer 16

an element that conducts heat and electricity poorly.

Question 17

Alkali metal

Answer 17

one of the elements of Group 1, excluding hydrogen. Extremely reactive.

Question 18

Alkaline-earth metals

Answer 18

one of the elements of Groups 2 of the periodic table. Very Reactive.

Question 19

Transition Metal located in Groups 3-12.

Answer 19

Not very reactive, compared to the alkalis & alkaline-earth metals

Question 20

Halogen

Answer 20

one of the elements of Group 17 of the periodic table.

Question 21

Molar Mass

Answer 21

1 mol of an element is equal to its average atopic mass but with units of gram, i.e. Chlorine (Cl) Average atomic mass\ 35.453 1 mol Cl = 35.453g.