chapter 19&20

Question 1

solar system

Answer 1

the sun and all of the planets AND other bodies that travel around it.

Question 2

satellite

Answer 2

a natural or artificial body that revolves around a planet. Jupiter’s Ganymede & Saturn’s Titan are larger than the planet Mercury.

Question 3

Phase

Answer 3

the change in the illuminated area of one celestial body as seen from another.

Question 4

Eclipse

Answer 4

an event when the shadow of one celestial body falls on another. Solar eclipse: moon between the sun and the earth. Lunar eclipse: earth between the sun and the moon

Question 5

terrestrial planet

Answer 5

one of the highly dense planets nearest to the sun: Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars.

Question 6

Astronomical Unit

Answer 6

the distance between the sun and the earth, 150M km.

Question 7

hydrosphere

Answer 7

the portion of earth that is water

Question 8

outer planets

Answer 8

Jupiter, saturn, uranus, neptune. All are gas giants

Question 9

asteroid

Answer 9

a small rocky object that orbits the sun, usually in a band between the orbits of jupiter and mars, i.e. between the closest outer and farthest inner planets.

Question 10

gas giant

Answer 10

a planet that has a deep, massive atmosphere, such as jupiter, saturn, uranus, or neptune.

Question 11

Jupiter

Answer 11

the largest planet in the solar system; the giant red spot is a huge hurricane-like storm that has existed for hundreds of years.

Question 12

Saturn Still Forming!!!!

Answer 12

Saturn radiates 3x the energy it receives from the Sun. Until it reaches equilibrium it will be considered to be forming.

Question 13

The inner and outer planets are separated by an asteroid belt.

Answer 13

what’s its name?

Question 14

Pluto’s strange

Answer 14

Pluto’s orbit is in a different plane from the rest of the platens in the solar system. as such, some scientists believe it was captured by the gravity of the sun sometime after the formation of the solar system.

Question 15

Nebula

Answer 15

a large cloud of dust and gas in interstellar space; a region in space where stars are born or were stars explode at the end of their lives.

Question 16

nebular model

Answer 16

a model for the formation of the solar system in which the sun and planets condense from a cloud (nebula) of gas and dust

Question 17

accretion

Answer 17

accumulation of matter

Question 18

comet

Answer 18

a small body of ice and rock, and cosmic dust loosely packed together that follows and elliptical orbit and that gives off has and dust in the form of a tail as it passes close to the sun.

Question 19

meteorites

Answer 19

most meteorites are stony and have compositions like those of the inner planets and the moon.

Question 20

moon

Answer 20

the moon may have formed when a mars sized object struck earth.

Question 21

star

Answer 21

a large celestial body that is composed of gas and that emits light; the sun is a typical star.

Question 22

light year

Answer 22

the distance light travels in a year, 9.5 Trillion km.

Question 23

red giant

Answer 23

a large, reddish star lite in its life cycle

Question 24

white dwarf

Answer 24

a small, hot, dim star that is the leftover center of an old star

Question 25

supernova

Answer 25

gigantic explosion in which a missive star collapses and throws its outer layers into space.

Question 26

stars

Answer 26

are spheres gas that produce energy by fusion. the composition of stars is measured using spectra

Question 27

in most stars outward pressure balances

Answer 27

the inward pull of the star’s gravity

Question 28

stars smaller than 1.4 solar masses become

Answer 28

red giants and then white dwarfs

Question 29

massive stars larger than 1.4 solar masses become

Answer 29

supergiants and explode in supernovae to become neutron stars or black holes.

Question 30

galaxy

Answer 30

a collection of stars, dust and gas bound together by gravity.

Question 31

cluster

Answer 31

a group of stars or galaxies bound by gravity

Question 32

interstellar matter

Answer 32

the gas and dust located between the stars in a galaxy

Question 33

quasar

Answer 33

quasi-stellar radio sources; very luminous objects that produce energy at a high rate and that are thought to be the most distant objects in the universe.

Question 34

universe

Answer 34

the sum of all space, matter and energy that exist, have existed, and will exist in the future.

Question 35

red shift

Answer 35

an apparent shift toward longer wavelengths of light caused when a luminous object moves away from the observer

Question 36

blue shift

Answer 36

an apparent shift toward shorter wavelength of light caused when a luminous object moves toward the observer