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Anatomy And Physiology 2 > Chapter22 Respiratory System > Flashcards

Chapter22 Respiratory System Flashcards

0
Q

Which type of avieoli is most abundant?

A

Type one squamous alveolar cells

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1
Q

What is the purpose of surfactant inside the avieoli

A

To keep the alveoli from sticking together during exhalation.

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2
Q

What type of cartilage composes the trachea?

A

Hyaline cartilage

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3
Q

What intercostal muscle helps you breath out?

A

Internal intercostals and rectus abdominous

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4
Q

What does breathing control come from

A

Medula oblongata pons involuntary

Motor cortex voluntary

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5
Q

What is hyperventilation?

A

Expellation of co2 faster than its made. Ph increases arteries contrict. Fainting

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6
Q

What is pneumothorax?

A

Air in the pleural cavity

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7
Q

What are the functions of the respiratory system?

A 
Gas exchange
Speech vocalization 
Olfaction
Ph balance 
Hormone synthesis
Pressure flow for blood and lymph 
Filter out small clots 
Valsalva urination deification birth
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8
Q

Why is gas exchange so efficient?

A 
Lipid soluble
Exchange surface area is large
Diffusion distance is short 
Pressure gradient is huge 
Perfusion and ventilation are equal
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9
Q

What is the bronchial tree?

A

Branching tubes into each lung

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10
Q

What is boyles law?

A

Pressure is inversely related to volume

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11
Q

What is Charles law?

A

Volume of gas is proportional to its temperature.

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12
Q

What is daultons law?

A

The partial pressures of all the gasses in a system add up to the total pressure

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13
Q

How many lobes does the left lung have?

The right?

A

L-2

R-3

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14
Q

What are the cartilages that make up the nose?

A

Lateral cartilage
Septal cartilage
Minor and major alar cartilages

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15
Q

What makes up the upper respiratory tract?

A

Nares, vestibules, nasal conchae, pharynx, larynx

16
Q

What are the three regions of the pharynx?

A

Nasopharyx - nasal cavity including estancias tube to end of uvula,pseudostratified columnar epitheal tissue
Oropharynx- mouth cavity to epiglottis, stratified squamous
Laryngopharynx- below epiglottis to esophagus, stratified squamous

17
Q

Which type of bronchi have c shaped hyaline cartilages.

A

Main or primary bronchis

18
Q

What is the function of squamous alveolar cells?

A

95% do the alveolar cells. Function for rapid gas diffusion

19
Q

What is the function of great alveolar cells?

A

Secrete pulmonary surfactant to keep alveoli from collapsing and sticking together
Also repair type one squamous alveoli

20
Q

What dose alveolar macrophages do?

A

Phagocytize dust particles

21
Q

What structures are invoked in phonation (making sound)

A

Epiglottis, thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage, arytenoid cartilage, cornicate cartilage, cuneiform cartilages

22
Q

Which bronchiole is the one where the alveoli are attached to?

A

Respiratory bronchioles

23
Q

What is pulmonary ventilation?

A

Cycle of inspiration and expiration

24
Q

What is a respiratory cycle ?

A

One complete cycle of inhalation and exhalation

25
Q

What muscles are involved in inspiration?

A

Sternocleidomastoid, pectorals major and minor serrated anterior scalenes

26
Q

What muscles are involved in expiration?

A

Rectus abdominous, internal intercostals lumbar and pelvic muscles

27
Q

What is Valsalva maneuver?

A

Deep breath and holding it to excrete abdominal contents. Vomit child birth bowl movement urination

28
Q

What controls auto rhythmic breathing?

A

Medulla oblongata and pons

29
Q

What controls voluntary breathing

A

Motor cortex

30
Q

What are central chemoreceptors

A

Brain stem neurons that respond to CSF pH which reflects co2 concentration in the blood

31
Q

What are peripheral chemoreceptors

A

The carotid and aortic bodies in arteries above heart respond to o2 and co2 concentrations and pH of the blood

32
Q

What are stretch receptors?

A

Detect the Smooth muscle in the respiratory tract keeps lungs from over inflating

33
Q

What are irritant receptors?

A

Nerve endings in epithelial cells that detect irritants.

Smoke dust pollen chemical fumes ect

Trigger the reflex of bronchoconstriction shallow breathing and apnea (holding breath) and coughing

34
Q

What things contribute to resistance of air flow?

A

Diameter of bronchiole ease of expansion of lungs and surface tension of alveoli and bronchioles

35
Q

How much oxygen is unloaded into the tissues?

A

About 25%

36
Q

What is it called when co2 binds with hemoglobin to be transported ?

A

Carbaminohemoglobin

37
Q

What are the four factors that contribute to oxygen unloading

A

Lower PO2
Higher temp
Lower pH in blood from Higher co2 concentration
Bpg produced and replaces o2 on hemoglobin

Anatomy And Physiology 2 (7 decks)

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