Chapter22 Respiratory System

Question 0

Which type of avieoli is most abundant?

Answer 0

Type one squamous alveolar cells

Question 1

What is the purpose of surfactant inside the avieoli

Answer 1

To keep the alveoli from sticking together during exhalation.

Question 2

What type of cartilage composes the trachea?

Answer 2

Hyaline cartilage

Question 3

What intercostal muscle helps you breath out?

Answer 3

Internal intercostals and rectus abdominous

Question 4

What does breathing control come from

Answer 4

Medula oblongata pons involuntary

Motor cortex voluntary

Question 5

What is hyperventilation?

Answer 5

Expellation of co2 faster than its made. Ph increases arteries contrict. Fainting

Question 6

What is pneumothorax?

Answer 6

Air in the pleural cavity

Question 7

What are the functions of the respiratory system?

Answer 7

Gas exchange
Speech vocalization 
Olfaction
Ph balance 
Hormone synthesis
Pressure flow for blood and lymph 
Filter out small clots 
Valsalva urination deification birth

Question 8

Why is gas exchange so efficient?

Answer 8

Lipid soluble
Exchange surface area is large
Diffusion distance is short 
Pressure gradient is huge 
Perfusion and ventilation are equal

Question 9

What is the bronchial tree?

Answer 9

Branching tubes into each lung

Question 10

What is boyles law?

Answer 10

Pressure is inversely related to volume

Question 11

What is Charles law?

Answer 11

Volume of gas is proportional to its temperature.

Question 12

What is daultons law?

Answer 12

The partial pressures of all the gasses in a system add up to the total pressure

Question 13

How many lobes does the left lung have?

The right?

Answer 13

L-2

R-3

Question 14

What are the cartilages that make up the nose?

Answer 14

Lateral cartilage
Septal cartilage
Minor and major alar cartilages

Question 15

What makes up the upper respiratory tract?

Answer 15

Nares, vestibules, nasal conchae, pharynx, larynx

Question 16

What are the three regions of the pharynx?

Answer 16

Nasopharyx - nasal cavity including estancias tube to end of uvula,pseudostratified columnar epitheal tissue
Oropharynx- mouth cavity to epiglottis, stratified squamous
Laryngopharynx- below epiglottis to esophagus, stratified squamous

Question 17

Which type of bronchi have c shaped hyaline cartilages.

Answer 17

Main or primary bronchis

Question 18

What is the function of squamous alveolar cells?

Answer 18

95% do the alveolar cells. Function for rapid gas diffusion

Question 19

What is the function of great alveolar cells?

Answer 19

Secrete pulmonary surfactant to keep alveoli from collapsing and sticking together
Also repair type one squamous alveoli

Question 20

What dose alveolar macrophages do?

Answer 20

Phagocytize dust particles

Question 21

What structures are invoked in phonation (making sound)

Answer 21

Epiglottis, thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage, arytenoid cartilage, cornicate cartilage, cuneiform cartilages

Question 22

Which bronchiole is the one where the alveoli are attached to?

Answer 22

Respiratory bronchioles

Question 23

What is pulmonary ventilation?

Answer 23

Cycle of inspiration and expiration

Question 24

What is a respiratory cycle ?

Answer 24

One complete cycle of inhalation and exhalation

Question 25

What muscles are involved in inspiration?

Answer 25

Sternocleidomastoid, pectorals major and minor serrated anterior scalenes

Question 26

What muscles are involved in expiration?

Answer 26

Rectus abdominous, internal intercostals lumbar and pelvic muscles

Question 27

What is Valsalva maneuver?

Answer 27

Deep breath and holding it to excrete abdominal contents. Vomit child birth bowl movement urination

Question 28

What controls auto rhythmic breathing?

Answer 28

Medulla oblongata and pons

Question 29

What controls voluntary breathing

Answer 29

Motor cortex

Question 30

What are central chemoreceptors

Answer 30

Brain stem neurons that respond to CSF pH which reflects co2 concentration in the blood

Question 31

What are peripheral chemoreceptors

Answer 31

The carotid and aortic bodies in arteries above heart respond to o2 and co2 concentrations and pH of the blood

Question 32

What are stretch receptors?

Answer 32

Detect the Smooth muscle in the respiratory tract keeps lungs from over inflating

Question 33

What are irritant receptors?

Answer 33

Nerve endings in epithelial cells that detect irritants. Smoke dust pollen chemical fumes ect Trigger the reflex of bronchoconstriction shallow breathing and apnea (holding breath) and coughing

Question 34

What things contribute to resistance of air flow?

Answer 34

Diameter of bronchiole ease of expansion of lungs and surface tension of alveoli and bronchioles

Question 35

How much oxygen is unloaded into the tissues?

Answer 35

About 25%

Question 36

What is it called when co2 binds with hemoglobin to be transported ?

Answer 36

Carbaminohemoglobin

Question 37

What are the four factors that contribute to oxygen unloading

Answer 37

Lower PO2 Higher temp Lower pH in blood from Higher co2 concentration Bpg produced and replaces o2 on hemoglobin