Chapter 18: Blood Flashcards
Cardiovascular system refers to?
Just the heart and blood vessels
What is the circulatory system?
The heart blood vessels and blood
Hematology is the study of what?
Blood
What are the main functions of blood?
Transport - nutrients hormones gasses
Protection- inflammation destroy invading organisms neutralize toxins
Regulation- fluid distribution ph body temperature
What is plasma?
Liquid portion of blood including albumins globulins fibrinogen
What is serum ?
Plasma munis the fibrinogen
What precursor cell produced erythrocytes?
Pluripotent stem cell
Nitric acid does what in the blood?
Vasodilates and increases blood flow
What is polycythemia?
Excess rbc
Either from cancerous rbc or from lack of fluid
What is anemia?
Most common blood disorder.
Inadequate rbc or hemoglobin excessive bleeding or destruction of rbc
Can cause kidney failure iron deficiency lack of vitamin b12
Which type of cell is the least abundant formed element in the blood?
Leukocytes
How is a leukocyte formed?
Cytokines (colony stimulating factor) stimulate other leukocytes and stem cells to make more cells.
Which leukocytes are granulocytes?
Neutrophils eosinophils and basophils
Which leukocytes are agranulocytes?
Lymphocytes and monocytes
What kind of infection would have an increase in neutrophils?
Bacterial infection
Neutrophils phagocytize Bacteria
First to arrive at a wound site
Eosinophils are presents during what type of infection.
Parasitic and allergic reactions
Enzymes break down parasites
Which leukocyte responds to chicken pox diabetes polycythemia and ectoparasites ?
Basophils
What are the functions of a lymphocyte?
Immune response to infections that are specific
Responsible for destroying cancer foreign cells and virally infected cells
Immune antibodies and immune memory
Which leukocyte is the largest and responsible for viral infections and inflammation?
Monocytes
Turn into macrophages to phagocytize pathogens and debris
What is leukemia?
Cancer in hemopoietic tissues.
Myeloid uncontrolled granulocytes production (neutrophils eosinophils and basophils )
Lymphoid uncontrolled agranulocytes ( monocytes and leukocytes)
What is leukopenia?
Low white blood cell count
Platelets are formed from?
Thrombopoietin made in the liver and kidneys
Describe hemostasis
Vascular spasm vasoconstriction platelets gather
Platelet plug formation collagen fibers extend and latest caught in fibers
Blood clot stops fluid from escaping
