Chapter 21 Lymphatic And Immunity Flashcards
What the functions of the spleen?
The production of the blood in a fetus
Reservoir for blood
Erythrocyte graveyard
White pulp monitors blood for antigens and foreign objects
What’s a splenectomy?
The removal of the spleen usually after a ruptured spleen
What’s an antigen?
Foreign invader protein
Also called pathogen or allergen
What are Three lines of defense in the body
Direct cell attack
Chemical secretion
Antibodies
What is a pathogen?
An environmental agent capable of producing a disease
Can be an organism, toxic chemicals and radiation
First line of defense against pathogens
External barriers like skin and mucous membranes
What’s an example of a second line of defense for the body?
Leukocytes and macrophages Antimicrobials proteins Inflammation Fever Provide a broad band of response
A third line of defense for the body is:
Defeats a pathogen and leave body with memory of that pathogen for future detection
What is non specific resistance?
Equally guards against a large range of pathogens
No prior exposure
First and secondary defenses
What is immunity?
Specific defense resulting from prior exposure to a pathogen
List a few external barriers
Skin, mucous membrane, subepithelial aerolar tissue,
How is skin a good exterior barrier
Physical barrier to microorganisms
Tough because of keratin
Dry nutrient poor and acidic surface
Have defensins
What is defensin?
A peptide that kill microbes by creating holes in the pathogen membranes
What is the acid mantel made up of?
Lactic acid produced from sweat.
What is contained in lymph?
Macrophages hormones bacteria viruses debris or cancer cells
What are the six lymphatic trunks?
Jugular subclavian bronchomediastinal intercostal and lumbar
What are the two lymphatic ducts and what body parts to they cover?
Right lymphatic duct - head right arm and right thorax. Empty into the r subclavian vein.
Thoracic duct- contain cisterna chyli left arm thorax and both lower extremities. Empties into the left subclavian vein
What is a natural killer cell?
Lymphocytes that attack and kill bacteria, transplanted tissue and host cells that have become infected
Release performing which crest holes in foreign plasma membranes to kill cells
What is a t lymphocyte?
Thymus dependant mature in the thymus
Become immunocometent when can recognize antigen from antigen presenting cells.
What is a b lymphocyte?
Mature in the bone marrow. Differentiate into plasma cells
Produce surface receptors for antigens disperse throughout the body when ready.
What are macrophages?
Phagocytosis cells in the connective tissue to clean up debris. Display antigens to alert the T cells
What are Dendritic cells
Antigen presenting cells found in the dermis engulf things by receptor mediated endocytosis
What are recticular cells?
Antigen presenting cells in connective tissue framework
Name the lymphatic organs
Red bone marrow- produces formed elements of the blood
Thymus- billed the cells developed in cortex and released to blood from medula
Lymph nodes- t and b cell activation filter out debris have dendritic cells, and macrophages
Tonsils-guard again inhaled and ingested particles
Spleen-red pulp and white pulp red pulp rbc graveyard lymphocytes and macrophages in white pulp monitor blood for foreign bodies
Which barriers are first lines of defense?
External barriers like skin and mucous membranes
What is an example of a second line of defense?
Leukocytes macrophages natural killer cells inflammation and fever
What are examples of a third line of defense?
Immune responses that leave a memory of the pathogen
Which types of barriers are non specific defenses?
First and second line defenses. Skin mucous macrophages natural killer cells fever. Inflammation
What are the five types of leukocytes?
Neutrophils eosinophils basophils lymphocytes monocytes
What is a classical pathway?
Requires an antibody to begin. Antigen binds to antibody and changes conformation sets off cascade reaction amplifying the process.
What is the alternative pathway?
C3 breaks into c3a and c3b. C3b binds to pathogen and triggers a cascade effect.
What is the lectin pathway.
Lectin binds to carbohydrates on the pathogen and sets of cascaepde reaction
How is a fever beneficial?
Promotes interferon. Elevates metabolic rate and tissue repair inhibited pathogen reproduction
What is the purpose of inflammation?
Limit spread of pathogens, remove debris from tissue, initiate tissue repair.
Redness swelling heat and pain
What is humoral immunity?
The labeling of the pathogen for later decomposition
What is cell mediated immunity!?
Direct attack of the foreign object through leukocytes.
What is natural active immunity!
Production of your own antibodies
What is Artificial active immunity?
Antibodies made from a trigger like a vaccination
Natural passive immunity
Immunity received from someone else. Only in mother to fetus
