Chapter 21 Lymphatic And Immunity

Question 0

What the functions of the spleen?

Answer 0

The production of the blood in a fetus
Reservoir for blood
Erythrocyte graveyard
White pulp monitors blood for antigens and foreign objects

Question 1

What’s a splenectomy?

Answer 1

The removal of the spleen usually after a ruptured spleen

Question 2

What’s an antigen?

Answer 2

Foreign invader protein

Also called pathogen or allergen

Question 3

What are Three lines of defense in the body

Answer 3

Direct cell attack
Chemical secretion
Antibodies

Question 4

What is a pathogen?

Answer 4

An environmental agent capable of producing a disease

Can be an organism, toxic chemicals and radiation

Question 5

First line of defense against pathogens

Answer 5

External barriers like skin and mucous membranes

Question 6

What’s an example of a second line of defense for the body?

Answer 6

Leukocytes and macrophages 
Antimicrobials proteins 
Inflammation 
Fever 
Provide a broad band of response

Question 7

A third line of defense for the body is:

Answer 7

Defeats a pathogen and leave body with memory of that pathogen for future detection

Question 8

What is non specific resistance?

Answer 8

Equally guards against a large range of pathogens
No prior exposure
First and secondary defenses

Question 9

What is immunity?

Answer 9

Specific defense resulting from prior exposure to a pathogen

Question 10

List a few external barriers

Answer 10

Skin, mucous membrane, subepithelial aerolar tissue,

Question 11

How is skin a good exterior barrier

Answer 11

Physical barrier to microorganisms
Tough because of keratin
Dry nutrient poor and acidic surface
Have defensins

Question 12

What is defensin?

Answer 12

A peptide that kill microbes by creating holes in the pathogen membranes

Question 13

What is the acid mantel made up of?

Answer 13

Lactic acid produced from sweat.

Question 14

What is contained in lymph?

Answer 14

Macrophages hormones bacteria viruses debris or cancer cells

Question 15

What are the six lymphatic trunks?

Answer 15

Jugular subclavian bronchomediastinal intercostal and lumbar

Question 16

What are the two lymphatic ducts and what body parts to they cover?

Answer 16

Right lymphatic duct - head right arm and right thorax. Empty into the r subclavian vein.
Thoracic duct- contain cisterna chyli left arm thorax and both lower extremities. Empties into the left subclavian vein

Question 17

What is a natural killer cell?

Answer 17

Lymphocytes that attack and kill bacteria, transplanted tissue and host cells that have become infected
Release performing which crest holes in foreign plasma membranes to kill cells

Question 18

What is a t lymphocyte?

Answer 18

Thymus dependant mature in the thymus

Become immunocometent when can recognize antigen from antigen presenting cells.

Question 19

What is a b lymphocyte?

Answer 19

Mature in the bone marrow. Differentiate into plasma cells

Produce surface receptors for antigens disperse throughout the body when ready.

Question 20

What are macrophages?

Answer 20

Phagocytosis cells in the connective tissue to clean up debris. Display antigens to alert the T cells

Question 21

What are Dendritic cells

Answer 21

Antigen presenting cells found in the dermis engulf things by receptor mediated endocytosis

Question 22

What are recticular cells?

Answer 22

Antigen presenting cells in connective tissue framework

Question 23

Name the lymphatic organs

Answer 23

Red bone marrow- produces formed elements of the blood
Thymus- billed the cells developed in cortex and released to blood from medula
Lymph nodes- t and b cell activation filter out debris have dendritic cells, and macrophages
Tonsils-guard again inhaled and ingested particles
Spleen-red pulp and white pulp red pulp rbc graveyard lymphocytes and macrophages in white pulp monitor blood for foreign bodies

Question 24

Which barriers are first lines of defense?

Answer 24

External barriers like skin and mucous membranes

Question 25

What is an example of a second line of defense?

Answer 25

Leukocytes macrophages natural killer cells inflammation and fever

Question 26

What are examples of a third line of defense?

Answer 26

Immune responses that leave a memory of the pathogen

Question 27

Which types of barriers are non specific defenses?

Answer 27

First and second line defenses. Skin mucous macrophages natural killer cells fever. Inflammation

Question 28

What are the five types of leukocytes?

Answer 28

Neutrophils eosinophils basophils lymphocytes monocytes

Question 29

What is a classical pathway?

Answer 29

Requires an antibody to begin. Antigen binds to antibody and changes conformation sets off cascade reaction amplifying the process.

Question 30

What is the alternative pathway?

Answer 30

C3 breaks into c3a and c3b. C3b binds to pathogen and triggers a cascade effect.

Question 31

What is the lectin pathway.

Answer 31

Lectin binds to carbohydrates on the pathogen and sets of cascaepde reaction

Question 32

How is a fever beneficial?

Answer 32

Promotes interferon. Elevates metabolic rate and tissue repair inhibited pathogen reproduction

Question 33

What is the purpose of inflammation?

Answer 33

Limit spread of pathogens, remove debris from tissue, initiate tissue repair.

Redness swelling heat and pain

Question 34

What is humoral immunity?

Answer 34

The labeling of the pathogen for later decomposition

Question 35

What is cell mediated immunity!?

Answer 35

Direct attack of the foreign object through leukocytes.

Question 36

What is natural active immunity!

Answer 36

Production of your own antibodies

Question 37

What is Artificial active immunity?

Answer 37

Antibodies made from a trigger like a vaccination

Question 38

Natural passive immunity

Answer 38

Immunity received from someone else. Only in mother to fetus