Chapter 19 Blood Vessels Flashcards
What are some functions of the tunica interna?
Selectively permeable membrane
Stimulate dilation or constriction
Reduce chance of things sticking to the walls
What type of epithelial tissue makes up the turnips interna?
Simple squamous epithelial
Which layer of a vessel is the largest?
Tunica media.
What type of tissue I s the tunica media?
Smooth muscle and elastic tissue and collagen
What is the purpose of the tunica media ?
Strengthen the vessel to prevent rupturing
Regulates the diameter of the vessel
What is the tunica externa made of?
Loose connective tissue
What is the function of the tunica externa?
Anchors the vessel to the outer tissues
Passage for small nerves to supply the tissues
What is the vasa vasorum ?
Nourishes the outer half of the vessel
What are the three sizes of arteries
Conducting (largest)
Distributing (Medium)
Arteriole (small)
Capillary
What is going on during systole?
Contraction of the ventricles and blood vessels
What is arteriosclerosis?
Hardening of the arteries from reduced elasticity of the connective tissue
What is the carotid sinus ?
Pressure sensor that detects blood pressure thought the baroreflex
What are carotid bodies?
Chemoreceptors responsible for telling brain about pH and o2 and co2 levels
What two layers do capillaries have?
Endothelium and basal lamina
What are the different types of capillaries and what do they do?
Continuous- have tight junctions, muscle tissue, have pericytes,
Fenestrated- have filtration pores, passage of small molecules, kidneys small intestine,
Sinusoids- no basal lamina, lots of things can pass through
What is a portal system?
A series of two capillary beds before returning to the heart.
What is an anastomoses?
Convergence of two vessels together besides capillaries
What is perfusion?
Flow per volume or mass of tissue
What is blood pressure ?
Force of blood against the vessel wall
What is systolic pressure?
Peak pressure seen in ventricular contraction
What is pulse pressure?
The difference in pressure between systolic and diastolic pressure
What is diastolic pressure?
Minimum arterial pressure measured when ventricular contraction happens.
What is syncope?
Fainting. Can be cause from many things like kidney failure, edema and aneurism
What is Atherosclerosis?
Growth of lipid deposites in the blood vessels which calcify and become plaque
What is hypertension?
High resting blood pressure
Weakens arteries cause aneurysms and increase atherosclerosis
What is angiogenesis?
Generation of new blood vessels
Menstration
Capillaries of muscles.
What are the causes of edema
Increased capillary filtration
Reduced capillary reabsorption
Obstructed lymphatic system
Venous return happens by what mechanisms?
Pressure gradient Gravity Skeletal muscle pump Respiratory pump Cardiac suction
What are the functions of the lymphatic system?
Fluid recovery-return fluid to the blood
Immunity- picks up foreign cells in fluid and activate immune response
Lipid absorption-lacteals absorb lipids not taken out by the blood
