Chapter VI: Bacterial Recombination Flashcards
What are common to all bacteria?
- Very large population sizes
- Rapid generation time
- Functional haploids
- Mutations - sudden, random, heritable change
Bacterial recombination
Transformation
Transduction
Conjugation
Transformation
Cell uptake of DNA from the environment
End result: replacement system
Transduction
Virally mediated bacterial recombination which only occurs with temperate phages in the lysogenic cycle where the viral DNA becomes integrated into the bacterial DNA
Bacteriophages
Viruses that use bacteria as their hosts
Prophage
Viral DNA integrated into the bacterial chromosome
Temperate phages
Viruses that either lyse the cell or behaves as a prophage
Intemperate phages
Destroys or lyses the host cell all the time
Lytic cycle
Condition in which the bacteriophage invades, reproduces, and destroys the host cell
Lysogenic cycle
Condition in which the bacteriophage inserts its DNA in the host cell and becomes dormant
Conjugation
“Bacteria sex”
Temporary fusion of bacteria for the sexual transfer of genetic material
Plasmids
An extra chromosomal, circular DNA molecule that replicates independently of the host chromosome
Episome
A circular genetic element in bacterial cells that can replicate independently or integrate and replicate as part of the chromosome
F+ conjugation
Involves competent (F+) and incompetent (F-) cells, where F+ confers the ability to act as a donor to F-; F+ + F- = 2 F+
Hfr
Involves integrate episode and most likely to happen than F’ factor
Strains of bacteria that have a chromosomal integrated F factor that is able to mobilize and transfer part of your chromosome to a recipient F- cell
Becomes partially diploid
