Chapter I: Intro to Genetics

Question 0

Meiosis

Answer 0

Associated with sexual reproduction

Promotes variation

Question 1

Mitosis

Answer 1

Produces genetic identity
Allows for growth and repair without disrupting genetic continuity
Downside: clonal aspect

Question 2

Diploid (2n)

Answer 2

Condition where chromosomes occur in pairs (2n)

Question 3

Homologous/homologs

Answer 3

Chromosomes that have the same size, centrometric position, DNA content and gene loci but different alleles at a locus
Chromosomes that synapse or pair during meiosis

Question 4

Metacentric chromosome

Answer 4

Chromosome that has a centrally located centromere

Question 5

Submetacentric chromosome

Answer 5

A chromosome with the centromere placed so that one arm of the chromosome is slightly longer than the other.

Question 6

Telocentric chromosome

Answer 6

Chromosome in which the centromere is located at its very end.

Question 7

Locus (pl. loci)

Answer 7

The site or place on a chromosome where a particular gene is located.

Question 8

Genotype

Answer 8

The allelic or genetic constitution of an organism

Allelic make up of a locus (homozygous and heterozygous)

Question 9

Homozygous

Answer 9

Have identical alleles for a gene

Question 10

Heterozygous

Answer 10

Different alleles at one or more loci

Question 11

Phenotype

Answer 11

The overt appearance of a genetically controlled trait

Question 12

Dominant phenotype

Answer 12

An allele that overrides the potential genetic expression of a recessive allele

Question 13

Recessive phenotype

Answer 13

An allele that whose potential genetic expression is overridden by a dominant allele

Question 14

What phases does the interphase consists of?

Answer 14

G1 -> S -> G2

Question 15

S phase (synthesis phase)

Answer 15

Phase where the replication of DNA occurs specifically

Question 16

Haploid (n)

Answer 16

Organism having one member of each pair of homologous chromosomes

Question 17

Chromatid

Answer 17

One of the longitudinal subunits of a replicated chromosome

Question 18

Chromosomes

Answer 18

A DNA molecule complexed with RNA and proteins to form a thread like structure containing genetic information arranged in linear sequence

Question 19

Chromomere

Answer 19

A coiled, condensed region of a chromosome, most easily visualized during cell division

Question 20

Centromere

Answer 20

Specialized chromosomal region at which sister chromatids remain attached after replication and the site to which spindle fibers attach to the chromosome during cell division

Question 21

Centriole

Answer 21

An organelle that serves as a foci for the spindles in cell division

Question 22

Hemizygous

Answer 22

Having a gene present in a single dose in an otherwise diploid cell. Usually applied to the genes on the X chromosome in heterogametic males.

Question 23

Heterogametic sex

Answer 23

The sex that produces gametes containing unlike sex chromosomes, ex: males

Question 24

Homogametic sex

Answer 24

Sex that produces gametes that do not differ with respect to sex-chromosome content, ex: female