Chapter two

Question 1

Why do we need to study about the development of the “self?”

Answer 1

• -People acquire a sense of self throughout their life (on-going process)
• -Evolves from our experiences and interactions with others in the environment

Question 2

Expalin how significant others influence a person’s self-image?

Answer 2

• -we learn who we are from the way we are treated by the important people in our lives
• -If we have a strong-self concept we need love, respect, and acceptance from the significant others in our life

Question 3

Define and explain the following concepts of Freud: id, ego, superego

Answer 3

• -Freud said that the personality is made up of 3 parts
• -Id: is composed of the basic biological drives that motivate an individual
• -Ego: is the rational, logical and realistic part of your personality
• -Superego: consists of your values, morals, beliefs and our ideals of the society

Question 4

Our self image…?

Answer 4

–Is shaped by significant others

Question 5

Personal self vs. real self

Answer 5

• -Personal self: who you think you are

- -Real self: who you really are deep down inside

Question 6

What is self serving biases?

Answer 6

Taking credit for success and blaming others for failure

Question 7

Explain Alfred Adler’s theory of personality development and the inferiority complex?

Answer 7

• -Said personality arises from our attempts to overcome or compensate for feelings of inadequate
• -Inferiority complex: motivates human behavior
• -some people OVER compensate to conceal their feelings of inferiority

–Birth order is a possible factor regulating personality

Question 8

Describe Erikson’s Eight stages of Psychosocial development?

Answer 8

• these 8 stages each individual experiences through life
• each stage has a task that must be mastered
• if stage is not completed it makes it harder for us to deal with crises
• if stage is completed we build towards a postitive life

Question 9

What are the four dimensions of the Myers-Briggs Type indicator?

Answer 9

Extraversion (E) or Introversion (I)
Sensing (S) or Intuition (N)
Thinking (T) or Feeling (F)
Judgement (J) or perception (P)

Question 10

Explain how the big five model of personality has influenced your perception of others using the big five trains?

Answer 10

Openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness and neuroticism (Describe)

Question 11

Describe how Carl Rodgers self-theory influences the development of your personality?

Answer 11

–Self-theory defines the development of the self-concept.

-Self-actualization: fullfilment of one’s own unique personality

Question 12

Describe Satirs self-worth theory?

Answer 12

–What happens inside people and between people is the picture of the individual worth that each person carries around

Question 13

Define Reciprocal Determinism?

Answer 13

Reciprocal determinism is the interacting influences between person, behavior and envrionment

Question 14

Define collectivism and idividualism?

Answer 14

Individualism: values independence, autonomy

collectivism: value interdependence, cooperation and social harmony

Question 15

What is self-esteem?

Answer 15

Refers to the overall evaluation of oneself, whether one likes/dislikes who one is

Question 16

What are the costs of low self-esteem?

Answer 16

• They are vulnerable and leads to depression and failure

- are negative about themselves and are thin-skinned and judgmental

Question 17

What are the benefits of high self-esteem?

Answer 17

• Fewer sleepless nights, fewer ulcers, are more persistent at difficult tasks, are just plain happier.
• students have higher levels of self-esteem perform higher on academic levels
• can accept criticism and rejection

Question 18

Personal selves

Answer 18

Include our versions of who we want to become and include the self we fear becoming.