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Medical Terminology - Leo Lion > chapter two > Flashcards

chapter two Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

abdominal cavity

A

abdomen, contains the major organs of digestion

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2
Q

adenocarcinoma

A

a malignant tumor that originates in the glands and may spread to other parts of the body

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3
Q

adenoma

A

a benign tumor that starts in the epithelial tissue of a gland or gland-like structure

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4
Q

anaplasia

A

change in the structure of cells and their orientation to each other

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5
Q

anatomy

A

the study of the structures of the body

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6
Q

anomaly

A

a deviation from what is considered normal

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7
Q

anterior

A

situated in the front , on the front or forward part of an organ

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8
Q

aplasia

A

the defective development or the congenital absence of an organ or tissue

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9
Q

atresia

A

the congenital absence or narrowing of a normal body opening or passage

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10
Q

autopsy

A

postmortem, usually conducted to determine cause of death however is also a way of evaluating the presence of disease and the effectiveness of treatment

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11
Q

Bloodborne transmission

A

the spread of pathogens through infected blood or other body fluids

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12
Q

caudal

A

toward the feet or lower part of the body

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13
Q

cephalic

A

toward the head or upper part of the body

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14
Q

chromosome

A

genetic structure located in the nucleus of each cell

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15
Q

communicable disease

A

a contagious disease, any condition transmitted from one person to another with direct or indirect contact with contaminated objects

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16
Q

congenital disorder

A

an abnormal condition that exists at the time of birth

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17
Q

cytoplasm

A

the material within the cell membrane that is not part of the nucleus

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18
Q

distal

A

situated farthest from the midline or beginning of a body structure

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19
Q

dorsal

A

the back of the organ or body

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20
Q

dysplasia

A

the abnormal development or growth of cells or the presence of abnormal cells within the type of tissue

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21
Q

endemic

A

the ongoing presence of a disease within a population, group, or area

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22
Q

endocrine glands

A

which produce hormones and do not have ducts

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23
Q

epidemic

A

a sudden and widespread outbreak of a disease within a specific population

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24
Q

epigastric region

A

located above the stomach

25
Q

etiology

A

the study of the causes of diseases or abnormal conditions

26
Q

exocrine glands

A

secrete chemical substances into ducts that lead either to other organs or out of the body (with ducts)

27
Q

functional disorder

A

a non-organic disorder that produces physical symptoms of which no disease or course can be identified

28
Q

genetic disorder

A

hereditary disease, a pathological condition caused by an absent or defective gene

29
Q

geriatrician

A

or gerontologist, a physician who specializes in the care of older people

30
Q

hemophilia

A

a hereditary bleeding disorder in which a blood clotting factor is missing

31
Q

histology

A

the microscopic study of the structure, composition, and function of tissues

32
Q

homeostasis

A

the process through which the body maintains a constant internal environment

33
Q

hyperplasia

A

an increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ

34
Q

hypertrophy

A

a general increase in the bulk of a body part or organ due to an increase in size not number of cells

35
Q

hypogastric region

A

located below the stomach

36
Q

hypoplasia

A

the underdevelopment of an organ or tissue usually due to a deficiency in the number of cells

37
Q

iatrogenic illness

A

an unfavorable response due to prescribed medical treatment

38
Q

idiopathic disease

A

an illness caused by living pathogenic organisms such as bacteria and viruses

39
Q

inguinal

A

relating to the groin

40
Q

medial

A

the direction toward or nearer to the midline

41
Q

mesentery

A

a fused double layer of the parietal peritoneum that attaches part of the intestine to the interior abdominal wall

42
Q

midsagittal plane

A

the midline, the sagittal plane that divides the body into equal left and right halves

43
Q

nosocomial infection

A

a disease acquired in a hospital or clinical setting

44
Q

pandemic

A

an outbreak of a disease occurring over a large geographic area possibly worldwide

45
Q

pathology

A

the study of disease: it’s nature, cause, and the produced changes in structure and function

46
Q

pelvic cavity

A

the space formed by the hip bones, contains the organs of reproductive and excretory systems

47
Q

peritoneum

A

a multi-layered membrane that protects and holds the organs in place in the abdominal cavity

48
Q

peritonitis

A

inflammation of the peritoneum

49
Q

physiology

A

the study of the functions of the structures of the body

50
Q

posterior

A

situated in the back, the back part of an organ

51
Q

proximal

A

situated nearest the midline or beginning of a body structure

52
Q

retroperitoneal

A

located behind the peritoneum

53
Q

stem cells

A

unspecialized cells that are able to renew themselves for long periods of time via cell division

54
Q

thoracic cavity

A

chest cavity/thorax, surrounds and protects the heart and lungs

55
Q

transverse plane

A

the horizontal plane that divides the body into Superior (upper) and inferior (lower) portions at the waist or another level across the body

56
Q

umbilicus

A

belly button, navel, where the umbilical cord was once attached

57
Q

vector-borne transmission

A

an insect bite, the spread of a certain disease through blood sucking vectors

58
Q

ventral

A

the front or belly side of the organ or body

Medical Terminology - Leo Lion (11 decks)

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