chapter two Flashcards
abdominal cavity
abdomen, contains the major organs of digestion
adenocarcinoma
a malignant tumor that originates in the glands and may spread to other parts of the body
adenoma
a benign tumor that starts in the epithelial tissue of a gland or gland-like structure
anaplasia
change in the structure of cells and their orientation to each other
anatomy
the study of the structures of the body
anomaly
a deviation from what is considered normal
anterior
situated in the front , on the front or forward part of an organ
aplasia
the defective development or the congenital absence of an organ or tissue
atresia
the congenital absence or narrowing of a normal body opening or passage
autopsy
postmortem, usually conducted to determine cause of death however is also a way of evaluating the presence of disease and the effectiveness of treatment
Bloodborne transmission
the spread of pathogens through infected blood or other body fluids
caudal
toward the feet or lower part of the body
cephalic
toward the head or upper part of the body
chromosome
genetic structure located in the nucleus of each cell
communicable disease
a contagious disease, any condition transmitted from one person to another with direct or indirect contact with contaminated objects
congenital disorder
an abnormal condition that exists at the time of birth
cytoplasm
the material within the cell membrane that is not part of the nucleus
distal
situated farthest from the midline or beginning of a body structure
dorsal
the back of the organ or body
dysplasia
the abnormal development or growth of cells or the presence of abnormal cells within the type of tissue
endemic
the ongoing presence of a disease within a population, group, or area
endocrine glands
which produce hormones and do not have ducts
epidemic
a sudden and widespread outbreak of a disease within a specific population
epigastric region
located above the stomach
etiology
the study of the causes of diseases or abnormal conditions
exocrine glands
secrete chemical substances into ducts that lead either to other organs or out of the body (with ducts)
functional disorder
a non-organic disorder that produces physical symptoms of which no disease or course can be identified
genetic disorder
hereditary disease, a pathological condition caused by an absent or defective gene
geriatrician
or gerontologist, a physician who specializes in the care of older people
hemophilia
a hereditary bleeding disorder in which a blood clotting factor is missing
histology
the microscopic study of the structure, composition, and function of tissues
homeostasis
the process through which the body maintains a constant internal environment
hyperplasia
an increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ
hypertrophy
a general increase in the bulk of a body part or organ due to an increase in size not number of cells
hypogastric region
located below the stomach
hypoplasia
the underdevelopment of an organ or tissue usually due to a deficiency in the number of cells
iatrogenic illness
an unfavorable response due to prescribed medical treatment
idiopathic disease
an illness caused by living pathogenic organisms such as bacteria and viruses
inguinal
relating to the groin
medial
the direction toward or nearer to the midline
mesentery
a fused double layer of the parietal peritoneum that attaches part of the intestine to the interior abdominal wall
midsagittal plane
the midline, the sagittal plane that divides the body into equal left and right halves
nosocomial infection
a disease acquired in a hospital or clinical setting
pandemic
an outbreak of a disease occurring over a large geographic area possibly worldwide
pathology
the study of disease: it’s nature, cause, and the produced changes in structure and function
pelvic cavity
the space formed by the hip bones, contains the organs of reproductive and excretory systems
peritoneum
a multi-layered membrane that protects and holds the organs in place in the abdominal cavity
peritonitis
inflammation of the peritoneum
physiology
the study of the functions of the structures of the body
posterior
situated in the back, the back part of an organ
proximal
situated nearest the midline or beginning of a body structure
retroperitoneal
located behind the peritoneum
stem cells
unspecialized cells that are able to renew themselves for long periods of time via cell division
thoracic cavity
chest cavity/thorax, surrounds and protects the heart and lungs
transverse plane
the horizontal plane that divides the body into Superior (upper) and inferior (lower) portions at the waist or another level across the body
umbilicus
belly button, navel, where the umbilical cord was once attached
vector-borne transmission
an insect bite, the spread of a certain disease through blood sucking vectors
ventral
the front or belly side of the organ or body
