chapter 3 the skeletal system Flashcards
acetabulum
hip socket, the large circular cavity that articulates with the head of the femur to form the hip joint
allogeneic
originating within another
ankylosing spondylitis
a type of arthritis that primarily causes inflammation of the joints between the vertebrae
arthrodesis
also known as surgical ankylosis. the surgical fusion of two bones to stiffen a joint
arthroscopy
the visual examination of the internal structures of a joint
avascular necrosis
also known as osteonecrosis, an area of bone tissue
death caused by insufficient blood flow, often to the hip
autologous
originating within an
individual
bone marrow transplant
a stem cell transplant used to treat certain types of cancers
callus
As the bone heals, a callus forms as a bulging deposit around the area of the break. This tissue eventually becomes bone.
chondromalacia
the abnormal softening of cartilage
comminuted fracture
when a bone fracture is splintered or crushed
compression fracture
occurs when the bone is pressed together on itself
costochondritis
an inflammation of the cartilage that connects a rib to the sternum
crepitation
the grating sound heard when the ends of a broken bone move together
dual x-ray absorptiometry
a low exposure radiographic measurement of the spine and hips to measure bone density
fat embolus
forms when a long
bone is fractured due to an accident or surgery, and fat
cells from yellow bone marrow are released into the
blood.
gout
a type of inflammatory arthritis characterized by deposits of urate crystals in the joints
hallux valgus
aka bunion, an abnormal enlargement of the joint at the base of the great toe
hemarthrosis
blood within a joint
hematopoietic
pertaining to the formation of blood cells
internal fixation
a fracture treatment in which a plate or pins are placed directly into the bone to hold the broken bits in place (does not get removed)
juvenile iodiopathic arthritis
formerly called juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, an autoimmune disorder that affects children ages 16 years or younger, with symptoms that include stiffness, pain, joint swelling, skin rash, fever, slowed
growth, and fatigue.
kyphosis
an abnormal increase in the outward curvature of the thoracic spine as viewed from the side
laminectomy
the surgical removal of the lamina or posterior portion of a vertebra
lordosis
an abnormal increase in the forward curvature of the lumbar spine, aka swayback
lumbago
aka low back pain, term for pain in the lumbar region of the spine
malleolus
a rounded bony projection on the tibia and fibula on the sides of each ankle joint
manubrium
the bony structure that forms the upper portion of the sternum
metacarpals
the five bones that form the palms of the hands
metatarsals
forms the part of the foot which the toes are attached
multiple myeloma
a type of cancer that occurs in blood-making plasma cells found in the red bone marrow
open fracture
aka a compound fracture, one where the bone is broken and there is an open wound in the skin
orthopedic surgeon
a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating disorders and diseases of bones, joints, and muscles
orthotic
is a mechanical appliance,
such as a shoe insert, leg brace, or a splint, which is specially designed to support, control, correct, or compensate for impaired limb function.
osteitis
an inflammation of a bone
osteoarthritis
a degenerative joint disease, characterized by the wearing away of the articular cartilage within joints
osteochondroma
a benign bony projection covered with cartilage
osteomalacia
an abnormal softening of bones in adults, aka adult rickets
osteomyelitis
an inflammation of the bone marrow and adjacent bone
osteopenia
thinner than average bone density
osteoporosis
a marked loss of bone density and increase in bone porosity associated with aging
osteoporotic hip fracture
a broken hip, usually caused by weakened bones due to osteoporosis
Paget’s disease
a chronic bone disease of unknown cause. The condition is characterized by the abnormal breakdown of bone, usually in the pelvis, skull, spine, and legs, followed by abnormal bone formation. The new bone is often structurally enlarged, misshapen, and weak.
pathologic fracture
occurs when a bone breaks under normal strain- usually due to osteoporosis or cancer
percutaneous vertebroplasty
performed to treat osteoporosis-related compression fractures
podiatrist
a physician who specializes in diagnosis and treating disorders of the foot
polymyalgia rheumatica
is an inflammatory disorder of the muscles and joints characterized by pain and stiffness in the neck, shoulders, upper arms, and hips
and thighs
prosthesis
a substitute for a diseased or missing body part (prosthetic)
radiculopathy
a condition caused by the compression of a nerve in the spine, aka a pinched nerve
rheumatoid arthritis
a chronic autoimmune disorder in which the joints and some organs are attacked
rickets
a deficiency disease occurring in children. This condition is characterized by defective bone growth resulting from a lack of vitamin D necessary for the body to maintain calcium and phosphorus levels in the bones.
scoliosis
an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine
spina bifida
a congenital defect that occurs early in pregnancy when the spinal canal fails to close completely around the spinal cord
spinal stenosis
a narrowing of the spaces within the spine, potentially putting pressure on the nerves and spinal cord that may cause pain
spiral fracture
a complete fracture in which the bone has twisted apart
spondylolisthesis
a forward slipping movement of the body of one of the lower lumbar vertebrae on the vertebra or sacrum below it
subluxation
the partial displacement of a bone from its joint
synovectomy
the surgical removal of the synovial membrane from a joint, usually the knee
vertebrae
the spinal column consists of 26 bony units known as vertibra
