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Medical Terminology - Leo Lion > chapter 3 the skeletal system > Flashcards

chapter 3 the skeletal system Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

acetabulum

A

hip socket, the large circular cavity that articulates with the head of the femur to form the hip joint

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2
Q

allogeneic

A

originating within another

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3
Q

ankylosing spondylitis

A

a type of arthritis that primarily causes inflammation of the joints between the vertebrae

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4
Q

arthrodesis

A

also known as surgical ankylosis. the surgical fusion of two bones to stiffen a joint

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5
Q

arthroscopy

A

the visual examination of the internal structures of a joint

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6
Q

avascular necrosis

A

also known as osteonecrosis, an area of bone tissue
death caused by insufficient blood flow, often to the hip

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7
Q

autologous

A

originating within an
individual

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8
Q

bone marrow transplant

A

a stem cell transplant used to treat certain types of cancers

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9
Q

callus

A

As the bone heals, a callus forms as a bulging deposit around the area of the break. This tissue eventually becomes bone.

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10
Q

chondromalacia

A

the abnormal softening of cartilage

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11
Q

comminuted fracture

A

when a bone fracture is splintered or crushed

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12
Q

compression fracture

A

occurs when the bone is pressed together on itself

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13
Q

costochondritis

A

an inflammation of the cartilage that connects a rib to the sternum

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14
Q

crepitation

A

the grating sound heard when the ends of a broken bone move together

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15
Q

dual x-ray absorptiometry

A

a low exposure radiographic measurement of the spine and hips to measure bone density

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16
Q

fat embolus

A

forms when a long
bone is fractured due to an accident or surgery, and fat
cells from yellow bone marrow are released into the
blood.

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17
Q

gout

A

a type of inflammatory arthritis characterized by deposits of urate crystals in the joints

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18
Q

hallux valgus

A

aka bunion, an abnormal enlargement of the joint at the base of the great toe

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19
Q

hemarthrosis

A

blood within a joint

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20
Q

hematopoietic

A

pertaining to the formation of blood cells

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21
Q

internal fixation

A

a fracture treatment in which a plate or pins are placed directly into the bone to hold the broken bits in place (does not get removed)

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22
Q

juvenile iodiopathic arthritis

A

formerly called juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, an autoimmune disorder that affects children ages 16 years or younger, with symptoms that include stiffness, pain, joint swelling, skin rash, fever, slowed
growth, and fatigue.

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23
Q

kyphosis

A

an abnormal increase in the outward curvature of the thoracic spine as viewed from the side

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24
Q

laminectomy

A

the surgical removal of the lamina or posterior portion of a vertebra

25
Q

lordosis

A

an abnormal increase in the forward curvature of the lumbar spine, aka swayback

26
Q

lumbago

A

aka low back pain, term for pain in the lumbar region of the spine

27
Q

malleolus

A

a rounded bony projection on the tibia and fibula on the sides of each ankle joint

28
Q

manubrium

A

the bony structure that forms the upper portion of the sternum

29
Q

metacarpals

A

the five bones that form the palms of the hands

30
Q

metatarsals

A

forms the part of the foot which the toes are attached

31
Q

multiple myeloma

A

a type of cancer that occurs in blood-making plasma cells found in the red bone marrow

32
Q

open fracture

A

aka a compound fracture, one where the bone is broken and there is an open wound in the skin

33
Q

orthopedic surgeon

A

a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating disorders and diseases of bones, joints, and muscles

34
Q

orthotic

A

is a mechanical appliance,
such as a shoe insert, leg brace, or a splint, which is specially designed to support, control, correct, or compensate for impaired limb function.

35
Q

osteitis

A

an inflammation of a bone

36
Q

osteoarthritis

A

a degenerative joint disease, characterized by the wearing away of the articular cartilage within joints

37
Q

osteochondroma

A

a benign bony projection covered with cartilage

38
Q

osteomalacia

A

an abnormal softening of bones in adults, aka adult rickets

39
Q

osteomyelitis

A

an inflammation of the bone marrow and adjacent bone

40
Q

osteopenia

A

thinner than average bone density

41
Q

osteoporosis

A

a marked loss of bone density and increase in bone porosity associated with aging

42
Q

osteoporotic hip fracture

A

a broken hip, usually caused by weakened bones due to osteoporosis

43
Q

Paget’s disease

A

a chronic bone disease of unknown cause. The condition is characterized by the abnormal breakdown of bone, usually in the pelvis, skull, spine, and legs, followed by abnormal bone formation. The new bone is often structurally enlarged, misshapen, and weak.

44
Q

pathologic fracture

A

occurs when a bone breaks under normal strain- usually due to osteoporosis or cancer

45
Q

percutaneous vertebroplasty

A

performed to treat osteoporosis-related compression fractures

46
Q

podiatrist

A

a physician who specializes in diagnosis and treating disorders of the foot

47
Q

polymyalgia rheumatica

A

is an inflammatory disorder of the muscles and joints characterized by pain and stiffness in the neck, shoulders, upper arms, and hips
and thighs

48
Q

prosthesis

A

a substitute for a diseased or missing body part (prosthetic)

49
Q

radiculopathy

A

a condition caused by the compression of a nerve in the spine, aka a pinched nerve

50
Q

rheumatoid arthritis

A

a chronic autoimmune disorder in which the joints and some organs are attacked

51
Q

rickets

A

a deficiency disease occurring in children. This condition is characterized by defective bone growth resulting from a lack of vitamin D necessary for the body to maintain calcium and phosphorus levels in the bones.

52
Q

scoliosis

A

an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine

53
Q

spina bifida

A

a congenital defect that occurs early in pregnancy when the spinal canal fails to close completely around the spinal cord

54
Q

spinal stenosis

A

a narrowing of the spaces within the spine, potentially putting pressure on the nerves and spinal cord that may cause pain

55
Q

spiral fracture

A

a complete fracture in which the bone has twisted apart

56
Q

spondylolisthesis

A

a forward slipping movement of the body of one of the lower lumbar vertebrae on the vertebra or sacrum below it

57
Q

subluxation

A

the partial displacement of a bone from its joint

58
Q

synovectomy

A

the surgical removal of the synovial membrane from a joint, usually the knee

59
Q

vertebrae

A

the spinal column consists of 26 bony units known as vertibra

Medical Terminology - Leo Lion (11 decks)

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