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Medical Terminology - Leo Lion > chapter 8 the digestive system > Flashcards

chapter 8 the digestive system Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

aerophagia

A

the excessive swallowing of air while eating or drinking - a common cause of gas in the stomach

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2
Q

anastomosis

A

a surgical connection between two hollow, or tubular, structures

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3
Q

antiemetic

A

a medication that is administered to prevent or relieve nausea and
vomiting

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4
Q

ascites

A

an abnormal accumulation of serous fluid in the peritoneal cavity.

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5
Q

bariatrics

A

is the branch of medicine concerned with the prevention and management of obesity and associated diseases.

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6
Q

borborygmus

A

the rumbling noise caused by the movement of gas in the intestine.

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7
Q

cachexia

A

a condition of physical wasting away due to the loss of weight and muscle mass that occurs in patients with diseases such as advanced cancer or AIDS. Although these patients might be eating enough food, their bodies are unable to absorb enough nutrients.

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8
Q

canker sores

A

also known as aphthous ulcers, are gray-white pits with a red border in the soft tissues lining the mouth.

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9
Q

celiac disease

A

an autoimmune disorder characterized by a severe reaction to ingesting gluten.

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10
Q

cheilitis

A

inflammation of the lips characterized by crack-like sores at the corners of the mouth

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11
Q

cholangiography

A

a radiographic examination of the bile ducts with the use of a contrast medium

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12
Q

cholangitis

A

is an acute inflammation of the bile duct characterized by pain in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen, fever, and jaundice

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13
Q

cholecystectomy

A

the surgical removal of the gallbladder

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14
Q

cholecystitis

A

inflammation of the gallbladder, usually associated with gallstones blocking the flow of bile

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15
Q

cholelithiasis

A

the presence of gallstones in the gallbladder or bile ducts

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16
Q

cirrhosis

A

a chronic degenerative disease of the liver characterized by scarring

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17
Q

colonoscopy

A

the direct visual examination of the inner surface of the entire colon from the rectum to the cecum using a colonoscope

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18
Q

colostomy

A

the surgical creation of an artificial excretory opening between the colon and the body surface

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19
Q

Crohn’s disease

A

a chronic autoimmune disorder that can occur anywhere in the digestive tract; however, it is most often found in the ileum and in the colon.

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20
Q

dental prophylaxis

A

the professional examining, cleaning, and polishing of the gums and teeth to remove plaque and tartar. Often this includes x-rays to look for cavities.

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21
Q

diverticulitis

A

which sometimes develops as a result of diverticulosis, is the inflammation or infection of one or more diverticulum in the colon

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22
Q

diverticulosis

A

the chronic presence of an abnormal number of diverticula, or sacs, formed in weak spots of the colon wall

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23
Q

dyspepsia

A

also known as indigestion, is pain or discomfort during the digestion process

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24
Q

dysphagia

A

difficulty in swallowing

25
Q

endoscopy

A

a visual examination of internal structures

26
Q

enema

A

the placement of a solution into the rectum and colon to empty the lower intestine through bowel activity.

27
Q

enteritis

A

inflammation of the small intestine caused by ingesting substances contaminated with viral or bacterial pathogens which causes diarrhea

28
Q

eructation

A

the act of belching or raising gas orally from the stomach.

29
Q

esophageal varices

A

enlarged and swollen veins at the lower end of the esophagus. This condition, which is associated with serious liver diseases, can cause severe bleeding if one of these veins ruptures.

30
Q

esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD)

A

an endoscopic procedure that allows direct visualization of the upper GI tract

31
Q

gastroduodenostomy

A

the establishment of an anastomosis between the upper portion of the stomach and the duodenum

32
Q

gastroparesis

A

a condition in which gastric motility slows down, causing delayed
gastric emptying

33
Q

gastrostomy tube

A

a surgically placed feeding tube from the exterior of the body on the abdomen, directly into the stomach

34
Q

hematemesis

A

the vomiting of coagulated blood

35
Q

Hemoccult test

A

a laboratory test for hidden blood in the stool.

36
Q

hepatitis

A

an inflammation of the liver usually caused by a viral infection

37
Q

hyperemesis

A

extreme, persistent vomiting that can cause dehydration

38
Q

ileus

A

the partial or complete blockage of the small or large intestine. This condition is also known
as paralytic ileus, and it is caused by the stopping of the normal peristalsis of this area of the intestine.

39
Q

inguinal hernia

A

the protrusion of a small loop of bowel through a weak place in the lower abdominal wall or groin

40
Q

jaundice

A

a yellow discoloration of the skin, mucous membranes, and eyes. This condition is caused by greater-than-normal amounts of bilirubin in the blood.

41
Q

leukoplakia

A

is an abnormal white, usually benign lesion (sore) that develops on the tongue or the inside of the cheek

42
Q

malocclusion

A

any deviation from the normal positioning of the upper teeth against the lower teeth. In an overbite there is an excessive overlap of the upper and lower teeth, and in an underbite the lower teeth are in front of the upper teeth.

43
Q

melena

A

the passage of black, tarry, foul-smelling stools. This appearance of the stools is caused by the presence of digested blood and often indicates bleeding in the
upper part of the gastrointestinal tract.

44
Q

nasogastric intubation

A

the placement of a nasogastric feeding tube (NG tube) through the nose and into the stomach

45
Q

obesity

A

a weight classification based on BMI that is higher than a healthy weight for someone based on their height, gender, and age.

46
Q

palatoplasty

A

surgical repair of a cleft palate

47
Q

peptic ulcer disease (PUD)

A

characterized by sores that affect the mucous membranes of the digestive system

48
Q

peristalsis

A

a series of wave-like contractions of the smooth muscles in a single direction that moves the food forward into the digestive system

49
Q

polyp

A

a mushroom-like growth from the surface of a mucous membrane. Not all polyps are malignant.

50
Q

proctologist

A

a physician who specializes in disorders of the colon, rectum, and anus

51
Q

regurgitation

A

is the return of swallowed food into the mouth

52
Q

salmonellosis

A

also referred to as salmonella, is transmitted by feces, either through direct contact with animals, or by eating contaminated raw or undercooked meat, poultry, seafood, and eggs or unpasteurized milk products.

53
Q

trismus

A

also known as lockjaw, describes any restriction to the opening of
the mouth caused by trauma, surgery, or radiation associated with the treatment of oral cancer. This condition causes difficulty in speaking and affects the patient’s nutrition due to impaired ability to chew and swallow.

54
Q

sigmoidoscopy

A

the endoscopic examination of the interior of the rectum, sigmoid colon, and possibly a portion of the descending colon

55
Q

stomatitis

A

an inflammation of the mucosa of the mouth

56
Q

ulcerative colitis (UC)

A

a chronic condition of unknown cause in which repeated episodes of inflammation in the rectum and large intestine cause ulcers

57
Q

volvulus

A

the twisting of the intestine on itself, causing an obstruction.

58
Q

xerostomia

A

also known as dry mouth, is the lack of adequate saliva due to
diminished secretions by the salivary glands

Medical Terminology - Leo Lion (11 decks)

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