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Medical Terminology - Leo Lion > chapter 4 the muscular system > Flashcards

chapter 4 the muscular system Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

abduction

A

the movement of a
limb (arm or leg) away from the midline of the body

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2
Q

adduction

A

the movement of a limb (arm or leg) toward the midline of the body

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3
Q

adhesion

A

a band of fibrous tissue
that holds structures together abnormally

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4
Q

ataxia

A

the lack of muscle coordination during voluntary movement

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5
Q

atonic

A

lacking normal muscle tone or strength

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6
Q

atrophy

A

means weakness or wearing away
of body tissues and structures

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7
Q

bradykinesia

A

extreme slowness in movement

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8
Q

carpal tunnel syndrome

A

symptoms occur when the tendons that pass through the carpal tunnel into the hand are chronically overused and become inflamed and swollen

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9
Q

chronic fatigue syndrome

A

a debilitating and complex disorder characterized by profound fatigue that is not improved by bed rest and may be made worse by physical or mental activity

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10
Q

circumduction

A

the circular movement at the far end of a limb

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11
Q

compartment syndrome

A

involves the compression
of nerves and blood vessels due to swelling within the compartment, an enclosed space created by the fascia that separates groups of muscles in the arm or leg.

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12
Q

contracture

A

the permanent tightening of fascia, muscles, tendons, ligaments, or skin that occurs when normally elastic connective
tissues are replaced with nonelastic fibrous tissues.

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13
Q

dorsiflexion

A

the movement that bends the foot upward at the ankle.

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14
Q

dyskinesia

A

the distortion or impairment of voluntary movement resulting in fragmented or jerky motions

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15
Q

dystonia

A

a movement disorder characterized by the involuntary and sometimes repetitive contraction of certain muscles

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16
Q

electromyography

A

a diagnostic test that measures the electrical activity within muscle fibers in response to nerve stimulation

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17
Q

epicondylitis

A

inflammation of
the tissues surrounding the elbow

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18
Q

ergonomics

A

the study of the human factors that affect the design and operation of tools and the work environment

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19
Q

exercise physiologist

A

a specialist who works under the supervision of a physician to develop, implement, and coordinate exercise programs and administer medical tests to
promote physical fitness.

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20
Q

fasciitis

A

inflammation of a fascia

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21
Q

fibromyalgia

A

a debilitating chronic condition characterized by fatigue; diffuse or specific muscle, joint, or bone pain; and a wide range of other symptoms

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22
Q

ganglion cyst

A

a benign, fluid-filled lump that usually occurs on the outer surface of the wrist or hand

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23
Q

heel spur

A

a calcium deposit in the plantar fascia near its attachment to the calcaneus (heel) bone, causing pain

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24
Q

hemiparesis

A

a weakness or slight paralysis affecting one side of the body

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25
Q

hemiplegia

A

total paralysis affecting only one side of the body

26
Q

hernia

A

occurs when tissue, such as part of an internal organ, protrudes through a weak area in the muscle normally containing it.

27
Q

hyperkinesia

A

also known as hyperactivity, is abnormally increased muscle function or activity

28
Q

hypotonia

A

a condition in which there is diminished tone of the skeletal muscles

29
Q

impingement syndrome

A

also known as rotator cuff tendinitis, occurs when inflamed and swollen tendons are caught in the narrow space between the bones within the shoulder joint

30
Q

innervation

A

the stimulation of a muscle by an impulse transmitted by a motor nerve

31
Q

insertion

A

where the muscle ends by attaching to a bone or tendon

32
Q

intermittent claudication

A

pain in the leg muscles that occurs during exercise and is relieved by rest

33
Q

muscular dystrophy

A

a group of genetic diseases that are characterized by progressive
weakness and degeneration of the skeletal muscles

34
Q

myasthenia gravis

A

a chronic autoimmune disease that affects the neuromuscular junction and produces weakness and rapid fatigue of
voluntary muscles, especially in the eye, face, and throat.

35
Q

myoclonus

A

the quick, involuntary jerking of a muscle or group of muscles

36
Q

myofascial release

A

a specialized soft-tissue manipulation technique used to ease the pain of conditions such as fibromyalgia, myofascial pain
syndrome, movement restrictions, temporomandibular
joint (TMJ) disorders, and carpal tunnel syndrome.

37
Q

myoparesis

A

a weakness or slight muscular paralysis

38
Q

myorrhaphy

A

is the surgical suturing of a muscle

39
Q

neuromuscular

A

pertaining to the relationship between a nerve and muscle

40
Q

oblique

A

slanted or at an angle

41
Q

origin

A

where the muscle begins, and it is located nearest the midline of the body or on a less movable part of the skeleton

42
Q

paralysis

A

the loss of sensation and voluntary muscle movements in a muscle through disease or injury to its nerve supply

43
Q

paraplegia

A

also known as partial paralysis, the paralysis of both legs and the lower part of the body

44
Q

physiatrist

A

a physician who specializes in physical medicine and rehabilitation with a focus on restoring function

45
Q

plantar fasciitis

A

also known as plantar fasciopathy, an inflammation of the plantar fascia on the sole of the foot

46
Q

polymyositis

A

a muscle disease characterized by the simultaneous inflammation and weakening of voluntary muscles
in many parts of the body

47
Q

pronation

A

the act of rotating the arm or leg so that the palm of the hand or sole
of the foot is turned downward or backward

48
Q

quadriplegia

A

paralysis of all four extremities

49
Q

sarcopenia

A

the loss of muscle mass, strength, and function that come with aging

50
Q

shin splint

A

a painful condition caused by the tibialis anterior muscle tearing away from the tibia (shin bone)

51
Q

singultus

A

also known as hiccups, the myoclonus of the diaphragm that causes the characteristic hiccup sound with each spasm

52
Q

sphincter

A

a ring-like muscle that tightly constricts the opening of a passageway

53
Q

sprain

A

an injury to a joint which usually occurs when a ligament is wrenched or torn

54
Q

tendinopathy

A

is the general term for irritation or degeneration of a tendon in any
joint

55
Q

tenodesis

A

the surgical suturing of the end of a tendon to a bone

56
Q

tenolysis

A

the release of a tendon from adhesions

57
Q

tenosynovitis

A

is an inflammation of the sheath surrounding a tendon

58
Q

tenotomy

A

the surgical cutting of a tendon to provide release or allow lengthening

59
Q

torticollis

A

also known as wryneck, a stiff neck due to spasmodic contraction of the neck muscles that pull the head toward the affected side.

60
Q

transverse

A

in a crosswise direction

Medical Terminology - Leo Lion (11 decks)

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