chapter twelve - thirteen unit test

Question 1

basic industries

Answer 1

industries that sell their products or services primarily to consumers outside the settlement

Question 2

central place

Answer 2

a market center for the exchange of services by people attracted from the surrounding area

Question 3

central place theory

Answer 3

a theory that explains the distribution of services, based on the fact that settlements serve as centers of market areas for services; larger settlements are fewer and farther apart than smaller settlements and provide services for a larger number of people who are willing to travel farther

Question 4

economic base

Answer 4

a community’s collection of basic industries

Question 5

enclosure movement

Answer 5

the process of consolidating small landholdings into a smaller number of larger farms in england during the eighteenth century

Question 6

nonbasic industries

Answer 6

industries that sell their products primarily to consumers in the community

Question 7

primate city

Answer 7

the largest settlement in a country, if it has more than twice as many people as the second-ranking settlement

Question 8

public services

Answer 8

services offered by the government to provide security and protection for citizens and businesses

Question 9

range

Answer 9

the maximum distance people are willing to travel to use a service

Question 10

rank-size rule

Answer 10

a pattern of settlements in a country, such that the nth largest settlement is 1/n the population of the largest settlement

Question 11

service

Answer 11

an activity that fulfills a human want or need and returns money to those who provide it

Question 12

threshold

Answer 12

the minimum number of people needed to support the service

Question 13

annexation

Answer 13

legally adding land area to a city in the United States

Question 14

central business district

Answer 14

the area of a city where retail and office space activities are clustered

Question 15

combined statistical area (CSA)

Answer 15

in the united states, two or more contiguous core based statistical areas tired together by commuting patterns

Question 16

concentric zone model

Answer 16

a model of the internal structure of cities in which social groups are spatially arranged in a series of rings

Question 17

core based statistical area (CBSA)

Answer 17

in the united states, the combination of all metropolitan statistical areas and micropolitan statistical areas

Question 18

density gradient

Answer 18

the change in density in an urban area from the center to the periphery

Question 19

edge city

Answer 19

a large node of office and retail activities on the edge of an urban area (highways too)

Question 20

gentriication

Answer 20

a process of converting an urban neighborhood from a predominately low-income, renter-occupied area to a predominantly middle-class, owner-occupied area

Question 21

green belt

Answer 21

a ring of land maintained as parks, agriculture, or other types of open space to limit the sprawl of an urban area

Question 22

meteropoliation statistical area (opposite of micropolitcian)

Answer 22

in the united states, a central city of at least 50,000 population, the country within which the city is located, and adjacent countries meeting one of several tests indicating a functional connection to the central city

Question 23

multiple nuclei model

Answer 23

a model of the internal structure of cities in which social groups are arranged around a collection of nodes of activities

Question 24

redlining

Answer 24

a process by which banks draw lines on a map and refuse to lend money to purchase or improve property within the boundaries

Question 25

smart growth

Answer 25

legislation and regulations to limit suburban sprawl and preserve farmland

Question 26

suburban sprawl

Answer 26

describes the expansion of human populations away from central urban areas into low-density, monofunctional and usually car-dependent communities, in a process called suburbanization.

Question 27

social area analysis

Answer 27

statistical analysis used identify where people of similar living standards, ethnic background, and life style live within an urban area

Question 28

sprawl

Answer 28

development of new housing sites at a relatively low density and at locations that are not contiguous to the existing built-up area

Question 29

squatter settlement

Answer 29

an area within a city in a less developed country in which people illegally establish residences on land they do not own or rent and erect homemade structures

Question 30

urbanized areas

Answer 30

in the united states, a central city plus its contiguous built-up suburbs

Question 31

zoning ordiances

Answer 31

a law that limits the permitted uses of land and maximum density of a development in a community

Question 32

Is there more people working in service jobs in MDCs or LDCs?

Answer 32

MDCs

Question 33

what are the requirements to become a world city

Answer 33

(many; heres a few)

• banking
• management
• law
• media

Question 34

what are world cities?

Answer 34

generally considered to be an important node in the global economic system.

Question 35

bid rent model

Answer 35

(like von thunen//division of city)

• commerce
• business
• industries
• residential locations

Question 36

peak valley intercection

Answer 36

land is worth more due to intersection (highways)

Question 37

hoyt sector model

Answer 37

high income people are near the boulevard. Poor are near highways.

Question 38

multiple nuclei model

Answer 38

2nd downtown other nuclei develop metro areas = suburb post WW2

Question 39

infill developement

Answer 39

when homes are destroyed then rebuilt

Question 40

brown spots vs green field

Answer 40

brown spot: polluted and abadoned

greenfield: lands of agriculture

Question 41

shanty house

Answer 41

people make their own poor quality home.

Question 42

where is expensive land located?

Answer 42

near the cbd and highways/freeways.