chapter twelve - thirteen unit test Flashcards
basic industries
industries that sell their products or services primarily to consumers outside the settlement
central place
a market center for the exchange of services by people attracted from the surrounding area
central place theory
a theory that explains the distribution of services, based on the fact that settlements serve as centers of market areas for services; larger settlements are fewer and farther apart than smaller settlements and provide services for a larger number of people who are willing to travel farther
economic base
a community’s collection of basic industries
enclosure movement
the process of consolidating small landholdings into a smaller number of larger farms in england during the eighteenth century
nonbasic industries
industries that sell their products primarily to consumers in the community
primate city
the largest settlement in a country, if it has more than twice as many people as the second-ranking settlement
public services
services offered by the government to provide security and protection for citizens and businesses
range
the maximum distance people are willing to travel to use a service
rank-size rule
a pattern of settlements in a country, such that the nth largest settlement is 1/n the population of the largest settlement
service
an activity that fulfills a human want or need and returns money to those who provide it
threshold
the minimum number of people needed to support the service
annexation
legally adding land area to a city in the United States
central business district
the area of a city where retail and office space activities are clustered
combined statistical area (CSA)
in the united states, two or more contiguous core based statistical areas tired together by commuting patterns
concentric zone model
a model of the internal structure of cities in which social groups are spatially arranged in a series of rings
core based statistical area (CBSA)
in the united states, the combination of all metropolitan statistical areas and micropolitan statistical areas
density gradient
the change in density in an urban area from the center to the periphery
edge city
a large node of office and retail activities on the edge of an urban area (highways too)
gentriication
a process of converting an urban neighborhood from a predominately low-income, renter-occupied area to a predominantly middle-class, owner-occupied area
green belt
a ring of land maintained as parks, agriculture, or other types of open space to limit the sprawl of an urban area
meteropoliation statistical area (opposite of micropolitcian)
in the united states, a central city of at least 50,000 population, the country within which the city is located, and adjacent countries meeting one of several tests indicating a functional connection to the central city
multiple nuclei model
a model of the internal structure of cities in which social groups are arranged around a collection of nodes of activities
redlining
a process by which banks draw lines on a map and refuse to lend money to purchase or improve property within the boundaries
