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ap human geo freshman year (16-17) > chapter nine - ten unit test > Flashcards

chapter nine - ten unit test Flashcards

1
Q

development

A

a process of improvement in the material conditions of people through diffusion of knowledge and technology.

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2
Q

fair trade

A

alternative to international trade that emphasizes small businesses and worker-owned. and democratically run cooperatives. (bananas)

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3
Q

foreign direct investment (fdi)

A

investment made by a foreign company in the economy of another country.

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4
Q

gender empowerment measure (gem)

A

compares the ability of women and men to participate in economic and political decision making.

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5
Q

gross domestic product

A

the value of the total output of goods and services produced in a country in a given time period (normally one year)

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6
Q

human development index (hdi)

A

indicator of level of development for each country, constructed by the united nations, combining income, literacy, education, and life expectancy.

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7
Q

less developed country (ldc)

A

a country that is at a relatively early stage in the process of economic development.

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8
Q

literacy rate

A

the percentage of a country’s people who can read and write.

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9
Q

millennium development goals

A

eight international development goals that all members of the united nations have agreed to achieve by 2015.

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10
Q

list the eight millennium development goals

A
  • end poverty and hunger
  • get primary education (6-8 yrs)
  • get gender equality
  • reduce child mortality
  • improve mental health
  • combat diseases
  • environmental sustainability
  • global partnership
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11
Q

more developed country (mdc)

A

a country that has progressed relatively far along a continuum of developed.

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12
Q

primary sector

A

[…] direct extraction of materials from earths surface, generally through agriculture, mining, fishing and forestry.

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13
Q

productivity

A

the value of a particular product compared to the amount of labor needed to make it.

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14
Q

secondary sector

A

[…] manufacturing useful products through processing, transforming, and assembling raw material.

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15
Q

structural adjustment program

A

economic policies imposed on less developed countries by international agencies to create conditions encouraging international trade, such as raising taxes, charging citizens for services etc.

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16
Q

tertiary sector

A

[…] concerned with transportation, communications, utilities and overall services to people in exchange for payment.

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17
Q

value added

A

the gross value of the product minus the costs of raw materials and energy.

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18
Q

economic growth

A

measure of the value of output of goods and service within a time period.

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19
Q

economic development

A

a measure of the welfare of humans in a society.

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20
Q

per capita

A

per person

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21
Q

gdp

A

value of goods and services produced within a country. (us company in us)

22
Q

gnp

A

value of output by a country plus net property income (abroad ; us company in other country)

23
Q

gdp spots

A

(most oil rich) qatar, luxenburg, singapore, kuwait, ireland, norway, uae.

24
Q

ppp

A

cost of living. 10 items in a country and what they cost n each country.

25
Q

black market

A

not part of economy (gdp or gnp ; neither)

26
Q

rastow (theory)

A

about:
- progressive stages of econ. growth
- from traditional to modern way of life
- few industries take off b/c world bank support
criticism:
-only mdc(s) make money and ldc(s) have loan debt
-creates dependency

27
Q

(socialistic-1970s) dependency/world system theory

A

explains how low development levels are a result of ldc(s) continuing economic dependency of mdc(s)

28
Q

wallerstein (theory)

A

about: (study more please)
- didn’t describe what happens between stage 1 and 2
- semi-periphery countries are occurring (b.r.i.c.s)
- brazil, russia, india, china, south africa
- semi-periphery b/c manufactcuring

29
Q

quarternary sector

A

[….] highly skilled profession (ie: a professor)

30
Q

quinary sector

A

basically ceo(s) and founders.

31
Q

neoliberalism

A

free-market approach and globalization of trade.

32
Q

teriff

A

taxes on trade

33
Q

industrial revolution

A

a series of improvements in industrial technology that transformed the process of manufacturing.

34
Q

labor-intensive industry

A

an industry that produce goods or services requiring a large amount of labor.

35
Q

maquiladora

A

factories built by us companies in mexico near us border to take advantage of lower labor costs in mexico.

36
Q

intensive land use

A

small area farms ; lots of land is used.

37
Q

extensive land use

A

lots of farm land but u spread it out

38
Q

first agricultural revolution

A

(8,000-14,000 b.c)

-first grain was discovered

39
Q

second agricultural revolution

A

(1600s-1800s)

  • technology changes in n.a and europe
  • more commercial farming
40
Q

third agricultural revolution

A

(1960s)
-green revolution
-reliance on synthetic fertilizers
-gmo crops
-globalization of products and structure of buisness
pros:
-reduced uncertenties and increased yields
cons:
-depend on fossil fuel/ reliance on chems
-less crop diversity

41
Q

green revolution

A

(1960s-1980s) rice and corn
-rice: staple food in asia. used hybridized rice to save growing population from starvation.
-pros: self sufficiency in countries
-cons: less concern a/b food security
growth settled in 80s
wasn’t in africa due to different crops there

42
Q

roses mainly come from where…

A
  • columbia
  • kenya
  • netherlands
43
Q

horticulture

A

the growing of fruits, vegis, and flowers.

44
Q

paddy

A

malay for wet rice

45
Q

planation

A

a large arm in tropical and subtropical climates that specialize on one or two crops usually ldcs

46
Q

prime agricultural land

A

the mos productive farmland

47
Q

ridge tillage

A

system of planting crops on ridge tops in order reduce farm production costs and promote greater soil preservation.

48
Q

sustainable agriculture

A

agriculture designed primarily to provide food for fam

49
Q

swidden

A

a patch of land cleared for planting through slash and burn

50
Q

tresh

A

to beat out grain from stalks by trampling it

51
Q

transhumence

A

the seasonal migration of livestock between mountains and lowland pastures

52
Q

winnow

A

to remove chaffs (husks of grain) by allowing it to be blown away by the wind

ap human geo freshman year (16-17) (13 decks)

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