chapter nine - ten unit test

Question 1

development

Answer 1

a process of improvement in the material conditions of people through diffusion of knowledge and technology.

Question 2

fair trade

Answer 2

alternative to international trade that emphasizes small businesses and worker-owned. and democratically run cooperatives. (bananas)

Question 3

foreign direct investment (fdi)

Answer 3

investment made by a foreign company in the economy of another country.

Question 4

gender empowerment measure (gem)

Answer 4

compares the ability of women and men to participate in economic and political decision making.

Question 5

gross domestic product

Answer 5

the value of the total output of goods and services produced in a country in a given time period (normally one year)

Question 6

human development index (hdi)

Answer 6

indicator of level of development for each country, constructed by the united nations, combining income, literacy, education, and life expectancy.

Question 7

less developed country (ldc)

Answer 7

a country that is at a relatively early stage in the process of economic development.

Question 8

literacy rate

Answer 8

the percentage of a country’s people who can read and write.

Question 9

millennium development goals

Answer 9

eight international development goals that all members of the united nations have agreed to achieve by 2015.

Question 10

list the eight millennium development goals

Answer 10

• end poverty and hunger
• get primary education (6-8 yrs)
• get gender equality
• reduce child mortality
• improve mental health
• combat diseases
• environmental sustainability
• global partnership

Question 11

more developed country (mdc)

Answer 11

a country that has progressed relatively far along a continuum of developed.

Question 12

primary sector

Answer 12

[…] direct extraction of materials from earths surface, generally through agriculture, mining, fishing and forestry.

Question 13

productivity

Answer 13

the value of a particular product compared to the amount of labor needed to make it.

Question 14

secondary sector

Answer 14

[…] manufacturing useful products through processing, transforming, and assembling raw material.

Question 15

structural adjustment program

Answer 15

economic policies imposed on less developed countries by international agencies to create conditions encouraging international trade, such as raising taxes, charging citizens for services etc.

Question 16

tertiary sector

Answer 16

[…] concerned with transportation, communications, utilities and overall services to people in exchange for payment.

Question 17

value added

Answer 17

the gross value of the product minus the costs of raw materials and energy.

Question 18

economic growth

Answer 18

measure of the value of output of goods and service within a time period.

Question 19

economic development

Answer 19

a measure of the welfare of humans in a society.

Question 20

per capita

Answer 20

per person

Question 21

gdp

Answer 21

value of goods and services produced within a country. (us company in us)

Question 22

gnp

Answer 22

value of output by a country plus net property income (abroad ; us company in other country)

Question 23

gdp spots

Answer 23

(most oil rich) qatar, luxenburg, singapore, kuwait, ireland, norway, uae.

Question 24

ppp

Answer 24

cost of living. 10 items in a country and what they cost n each country.

Question 25

black market

Answer 25

not part of economy (gdp or gnp ; neither)

Question 26

rastow (theory)

Answer 26

about: - progressive stages of econ. growth - from traditional to modern way of life - few industries take off b/c world bank support criticism: -only mdc(s) make money and ldc(s) have loan debt -creates dependency

Question 27

(socialistic-1970s) dependency/world system theory

Answer 27

explains how low development levels are a result of ldc(s) continuing economic dependency of mdc(s)

Question 28

wallerstein (theory)

Answer 28

about: (study more please) - didn't describe what happens between stage 1 and 2 - semi-periphery countries are occurring (b.r.i.c.s) - brazil, russia, india, china, south africa - semi-periphery b/c manufactcuring

Question 29

quarternary sector

Answer 29

[....] highly skilled profession (ie: a professor)

Question 30

quinary sector

Answer 30

basically ceo(s) and founders.

Question 31

neoliberalism

Answer 31

free-market approach and globalization of trade.

Question 32

teriff

Answer 32

taxes on trade

Question 33

industrial revolution

Answer 33

a series of improvements in industrial technology that transformed the process of manufacturing.

Question 34

labor-intensive industry

Answer 34

an industry that produce goods or services requiring a large amount of labor.

Question 35

maquiladora

Answer 35

factories built by us companies in mexico near us border to take advantage of lower labor costs in mexico.

Question 36

intensive land use

Answer 36

small area farms ; lots of land is used.

Question 37

extensive land use

Answer 37

lots of farm land but u spread it out

Question 38

first agricultural revolution

Answer 38

(8,000-14,000 b.c) | -first grain was discovered

Question 39

second agricultural revolution

Answer 39

(1600s-1800s) - technology changes in n.a and europe - more commercial farming

Question 40

third agricultural revolution

Answer 40

(1960s) -green revolution -reliance on synthetic fertilizers -gmo crops -globalization of products and structure of buisness pros: -reduced uncertenties and increased yields cons: -depend on fossil fuel/ reliance on chems -less crop diversity

Question 41

green revolution

Answer 41

(1960s-1980s) rice and corn -rice: staple food in asia. used hybridized rice to save growing population from starvation. -pros: self sufficiency in countries -cons: less concern a/b food security growth settled in 80s wasn't in africa due to different crops there

Question 42

roses mainly come from where...

Answer 42

- columbia - kenya - netherlands

Question 43

horticulture

Answer 43

the growing of fruits, vegis, and flowers.

Question 44

paddy

Answer 44

malay for wet rice

Question 45

planation

Answer 45

a large arm in tropical and subtropical climates that specialize on one or two crops usually ldcs

Question 46

prime agricultural land

Answer 46

the mos productive farmland

Question 47

ridge tillage

Answer 47

system of planting crops on ridge tops in order reduce farm production costs and promote greater soil preservation.

Question 48

sustainable agriculture

Answer 48

agriculture designed primarily to provide food for fam

Question 49

swidden

Answer 49

a patch of land cleared for planting through slash and burn

Question 50

tresh

Answer 50

to beat out grain from stalks by trampling it

Question 51

transhumence

Answer 51

the seasonal migration of livestock between mountains and lowland pastures

Question 52

winnow

Answer 52

to remove chaffs (husks of grain) by allowing it to be blown away by the wind