chapter seven - eight unit test Flashcards
apartheid
laws no longer affect in south Africa that physically separated different races into different geographic areas.
balkanization
process by which a State breaks down through conflicts among its ethnicities
balkanized
descriptive of a small geographic area that could not successfully be organized into one or more stable states because it was inhabited by many ethnicities with complex long-standing antagonism towards each other.
blockbusting
A process by which real estate agents convince white property owners to sell their houses at low prices because of the fear that persons of color will soon move into the neighborhood
ethnicity
identity with a group of people that share distinct physical and mental traits as a product of common heredity and cultural traditions.
multinational state
State that contains two or more ethnic groups with traditions of self-determination that agree to coexist peacefully by recognizing each other as distinct nationalities
nation-state
a state whose territory corresponds to that occupied by a particular ethnicity that has been transformed into a nationality.
race
identity with a group of people descended from a common ancestor
sharecropper
A person who works field rented from a land owner and pays the rent and repays loans by turning over the land owner a share of the crops
city-state
a sovereign state comprising a city and its immediate hinterland.
colonialism
an attempt by one country to establish settlements and to impose its political economic and cultural principles in another territory.
colony
A territory that is legally tied to a sovereign state rather than completely independent an area conquered and administered by a foreign power
compact state
A state in which the distance from the center to any boundary does not vary significantly.
federal state
an internal organization of a state that allocates most powers to units of local government
frontier
a zone separating two states in which neither states exercise political control
imperialism
Control of territory already occupied and organized by indigenous society
perforated state
A state that completely surrounds another one
sovereignty
ability of a state to govern its territory free from control of its internal affairs by other states
state
an area organized into a political unit and ruled by an established government with control over its internal and foreign affairs. (a country)
consequent boundary
a boundary line that coincides with some cultural divides, such as religions or language.
containment theory
a united states policy using numerous strategies to prevent the spread of communism abroad.
devolution
the transfer of certain powers from the central government to separate political subdivisions within the state’s territory.
enclave
a small bit of foreign territory lying within a state but not under its jurisdiction.
exclave
a portion of a state that is separated from the main territory and surrounded by another country.
