Chapter Twelve, Services & Settlements Flashcards

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1
Q

Service

A

Any activity that fulfills a human want or need and returns money to those who provide it. 3 types: consumer services, business services, and public services.

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2
Q

Consumer Services

A

Primary purpose is to provide services to individual consumers who desire them and can afford to pay for them. (1/2 of US jobs) 4 main types: retail, education, health, and leisure

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3
Q

Business Services

A

Primary purpose is to facilitate the activities of other businesses. (1/4 of US jobs) 4 main types: professional services, financial services, information services, and transportation services

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4
Q

Public Services

A

Primary purpose is to provide security and protection for citizens and businesses. Comprised of educators, Fed employees (1/6), State employees (1/4), and Local Govt employees (3/5).

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5
Q

Settlement

A

A permanent collection of buildings where people reside, work, and obtain services.

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6
Q

Central Place Theory

First proposed in the 1930s by German geographer Walter Christaller, based on his studies of southern Germany

A

A theory that explains the distribution of services based on the fact that settlements serve as centers of market areas for services; larger settlements are fewer and farther apart than smaller settlements and provide services for a larger number of people who are willing to travel farther.

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7
Q

Central Place

A

A market center for the exchange of goods and services by people attracted from the surrounding area. The central place is so called because it is centrally located to maximize accessibility.

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8
Q

Market Area or Hinterland

A

The area surrounding a service from which customers are attracted. A market area is a good example of a nodal region—a region with a core where the characteristic is most intense.

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9
Q

Range

A

The maximum distance people are willing to travel to use a service. The range is the radius of the circle (or hexagon) drawn to delineate a service’s market area.

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10
Q

Threshold

A

The minimum number of people needed to support the service.

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11
Q

Rank Size Rule

A

A pattern of settlements in a country such that the nth largest settlement is 1/n the population of the largest settlement.

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12
Q

Primate City Rule

A

A pattern of settlements in a country such that the largest settlement has more than twice as many people as the second-ranking settlement.

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13
Q

Primate City

A

The largest settlement in a country, if it has more than twice as many people as the second-ranking settlement.

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14
Q

Gravity Model

A

A model that holds that the potential use of a service at a particular location is directly related to the number of people in a location and inversely related to the distance people must travel to reach the service.

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15
Q

Food Desert

A

An area that has limited access to affordable and nutritious food.

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16
Q

Periodic Market

A

A collection of individual vendors who come together to offer goods and services in a location on specified days.

17
Q

Global City

A

A major center for the provision of services in the global economy. Can be subdivided according to a number of criteria. Alpha, Beta, Gamma

18
Q

Basic Businesses

A

Export primarily to customers outside the settlement.

19
Q

Nonbasic Businesses

A

Serve primarily the customers living in the same settlement.

20
Q

Economic Base

A

A community’s collection of basic businesses.

21
Q

Clustered Rural Settlement

A

An agricultural-based community in which a number of families live in close proximity to each other, with fields surrounding the collection of houses and farm buildings.

22
Q

Dispersed Rural Settlement

A

Characterized by farmers living on individual farms isolated from neighbors rather than alongside other farmers in settlements.

23
Q

Enclosure Movement

A

The process of consolidating small landholdings into a number of larger farms in England during the 18th century.

24
Q

Urbanization

A

The process by which the population of urban settlements grows.

25
Q

Megacity

A

An urban settlement with a total population in excess of 10 million people.

26
Q

Metacity

A

Has more than 20 million people.