Chapter One Flashcards

Question

Projection

Answer 1

The scientific method of transferring locations on Earth's surfaces to a flat map. (4 types of distortion can result: Shape, distance, relative size, direction)

Answer 2

Appears more elongated/squat.

Answer 3

Distance between two points are increased/decreased.

Answer 4

Larger or smaller.

Answer 5

Arc connecting North & South poles.

Answer 6

Numbering system that identifies the location of each meridian.

Answer 7

A circle drawn around the globe, parallel to the equator and at right angles to the meridians.

Answer 8

Numbering system to indicate the location of a parallel.

Answer 9

0 degrees longitude and passes through the Royal Observatory at Greenwich, England. (opposite meridian is 180 degrees)

Answer 10

Uses lines to outline an area and connect all the places that have particular values (color coded, map key to determine labels)

Answer 11

Depicts data as points and shows how the points are clustered together or spread apart over an area. Each dot represents a predetermined # of observations.

Answer 12

Recognizable areas are shaded or patterned in proportion to the measurement of the variable.

Answer 13

Displays symbols that change in size according to the value of the variable.

Answer 14

A map in which the size of a country or US state is proportional to the value of a particular variable.

Answer 15

The position that something occupies on Earth's surface.

Answer 16

The name given to a place on Earth.

Answer 17

The physical character of a place: climate, water sources, topography, soil, vegetation, latitude, elevation.

Answer 18

Also known as Relative Location. The Location of a place relative to other places. Ex: giving directions using other familiar landmarks to get to an unfamiliar place AND understanding the importance of a place due to its accessibility to other places.

Answer 19

Describes the position of a place in a way that never changes (longitude/latitude).

Answer 20

A combination of cultural features such as language and religion, economic features such as agriculture/industry, and physical features such as climate and vegetation.

Answer 21

Also called Uniform Region. An Area within which everyone shares in common one or more distinctive characteristics. Ex: language, economic activity, environmental property (climate).

Answer 22

Also called Nodal Region. An area organized around a node or focal point.

Answer 23

Also called Perceptual Region. An area that people believe exists as part of their cultural identity. An informal sense of space. Ex: Americans believe the South is a place with distinct environmental and cultural features, drastically different from the rest of the US.

Answer 24

Latin Origin: Cultus, to care for. The body of customary beliefs, material traits, and social forms that together constitutes the distinct tradition of a group of people. Culture breaks down to what people care about and what they take care of.

Answer 25

When the distribution of one feature is related to the distribution of another feature. It is strong if two features have very similar distributions.

Answer 26

A force or process that involves the entire world and results in making something worldwide in scope.

Answer 27

Conducts research, operates factories, and sells products in many countries, not just where its headquarters and principal shareholders are located.

Answer 28

The arrangement of a feature in space. When geographers observe the arrangements of people and activities found in space, they investigate why and how those distributions come to be.

Answer 29

The frequency with which something occurs in space. The feature being measured could be people, houses, cars, trees, or anything else.

Answer 30

The extent of a feature’s spread over space. Close together = clustered. Far apart = dispersed.

Answer 31

The geometric arrangement of objects in space. Some features are organized in a geometric pattern, whereas others are distributed irregularly. Geographers observe that many objects form a linear distribution, such as the arrangement of houses along a street or stations along a subway line.

Answer 32

Examines how the powerful in a society dominate, or seek to control, less powerful groups, how the dominated groups occupy space, and confrontations that result from the domination.

Answer 33

Emphasizes the different ways that individuals form ideas about place and give those places symbolic meanings. For example, LGBTQ people may be attracted to places such as the Castro District in San Francisco.

Answer 34

Emphasizes the importance of understanding the psychological basis for individual human actions in space. Distinctive spatial patterns by gender, ethnicity, and sexual orientation are constructed by the attitudes and actions of cultural groups as well as the larger society.

Answer 35

The increasing gap in economic conditions between regions in the core and periphery that results from the globalization of the economy.

Answer 36

The process by which a feature spreads across space from one place to another over time. A feature originates at a hearth and diffuses from there to other places.

Answer 37

A place from which an innovation originates. To develop a hearth, a group of people must also have the technical ability to achieve the desired idea and the economic structures, such as financial institutions, to facilitate implementation of the innovation.

Answer 38

The spread of an idea through physical movement of people from one place to another.

Answer 39

The spread of a feature from one place to another in an additive process. Three kinds: Hierarchical Diffusion, Contagious Diffusion, Stimulus Diffusion.

Answer 40

The spread of an idea from persons or nodes of authority or power to other persons or places. May result from the spread of ideas from political leaders, socially elite people, or other important persons to others in the community.

Answer 41

The rapid, widespread diffusion of a characteristic throughout the population.

Answer 42

The spread of an underlying principle even though a characteristic itself apparently fails to diffuse. For example, innovative features of Apple’s iPhone and iPad have been adopted by competitors.

Answer 43

A "trailing off" phenomenon in which contact between people diminishes with increasing distance and eventually disappears.

Answer 44

The reduction in the time it takes for something to reach another place.

Answer 45

A chain of communication that connects places.

Answer 46

The process by which a group’s cultural features are altered to resemble those of another group. The cultural features of one group may come to dominate the culture of the assimilated group.

Answer 47

The process of changes in culture that result from the meeting of two groups. Changes may be experienced by both the interacting cultural groups, but the two groups retain two distinct cultural features.

Answer 48

The combining of elements of two groups into a new cultural feature. The two cultural groups come together to form a new culture.

Answer 49

A substance in the environment that is useful to people, economically and technologically feasible to access, and socially acceptable to use.

Answer 50

The use of Earth’s resources in ways that ensure their availability in the future.

Answer 51

Produced in nature more rapidly than it is consumed by humans.

Answer 52

Produced in nature more slowly than it is consumed by humans.

Answer 53

Social, Environment, Economic

Answer 54

The sustainable use and management of Earth’s natural resources to meet human needs such as food, medicine, and recreation.

Answer 55

The maintenance of resources in their present condition with as little human impact as possible.

Answer 56

Composed of living organisms.

Answer 57

Composed of nonliving or inorganic matter.

Answer 58

Atmosphere, Lithosphere, Hydrosphere, Biosphere

Answer 59

A thin layer of gases surrounding Earth.

Answer 60

All the water on and near Earth’s surface.

Answer 61

Earth’s crust and a portion of upper mantle directly below the crust.

Answer 62

All living organisms on Earth, including plants and animals as well as microorganisms.

Answer 63

The long-term average weather condition at a particular location.

Answer 64

A. Tropical, B. Dry Climates, C. Warm Mid-Latitude Climates, D. Cold Mid-Latitude Climates, E. Polar Climates.

Answer 65

A group of living organisms and the abiotic spheres with which they interact.

Answer 66

The scientific study of ecosystems.

Answer 67

Erosion occurs when the soil washes away in the rain or blows away in the wind.

Answer 68

Nutrients are depleted when plants withdraw more nutrients than natural processes can replace.

Answer 69

The geographic study of human–environment relationships.

Answer 70

The belief and approach to geography that the physical environment causes social development. The study of the influences of the natural environment on people.

Answer 71

According to possibilism, the physical environment may limit some human actions, but people have the ability to adjust to their environment. People can choose a course of action from many alternatives in the physical environment.

Answer 72

A piece of land that is created by draining water from an area.

Answer 73

Known informally as Greenwich Mean Time (GMT). The time at the prime meridian (0° longitude), the master reference time for all points on Earth.

Answer 74

An arc that for the most part follows 180° longitude. When the International Date Line is crossed heading east (toward America), the clock moves back 24 hours, or one entire day. When it is crossed heading west (toward Asia), the calendar moves ahead one day.