Chapter Thirteen, Urban Patterns

Question 1

Central City

Answer 1

An urban settlement that has been legally incorporated into an independent, self-governing unit known as a municipality.

Question 2

Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA)

Answer 2

In the US, an urbanized area of at least 50,000 population, the county within which the city is located, and adjacent counties meeting one of several tests indicating a functional connection to the central city.

Question 3

Core Based Statistical Area (CBSA)

Answer 3

Any one MSA or μSA (938 as of 2018, including the 392 MSAs and the 546 μSAs). The collection of all MSAs and μSAs.

Question 4

Combined Statistical Area (CSA)

Answer 4

Two or more contiguous CBSAs tied together by commuting pattens.

Question 5

Urban Area

Answer 5

A dense core of census tracts, densely settled suburbs, and low-density land that links the dense suburbs with the core.

Question 6

Urbanized Area

Answer 6

An urban area with at least 50,000 inhabitants.

Question 7

Urban Cluster

Answer 7

An urban area with between 2,500 and 50,000 inhabitants.

Question 8

Megalopolis

Answer 8

A collection of adjacent or overlapping metropolitan areas that merge into a continuous urban region.

Question 9

Central Business District (CBD)

Answer 9

The area of a city where retail and office activities are located. One of the oldest districts in a city, usually at or near the original site of the settlement, often situated along a body of water.

Question 10

Concentric Zone Model

Answer 10

A model of the internal structure of cities in which social groups are spatially arranged in a series of rings.

Question 11

Sector Model

Answer 11

A model of the internal structure of cities in which social groups are arranged in a series of sectors, or wedges, radiating out from the central business district.

Question 12

Multiple Nuclei Model

Answer 12

A model of the internal structure of cities in which social groups are arranged around a collection of nodes of activities.

Question 13

Galactic (Peripheral) Model

Answer 13

A model of North American urban areas consisting of an inner city surrounded by large suburban residential and business areas tied together by a beltway or ring road.

Question 14

Edge Cities

Answer 14

The nodes of consumer and business services around the beltway.

Question 15

Social Area Analysis

Answer 15

The study of where people of varying living standards, ethnic background, and lifestyle live within an urban area.

Question 16

Census Tracts

Answer 16

An area delineated by the US Bureau of Census for which statistics are published; in urban areas, census tracts correspond roughly to neighborhoods.

Question 17

Informal Settlement

Answer 17

A residential area where housing has been built on land to which the occupants have no legal claim or has not been built to the city’s standards for legal buildings. Shelters, cardboard, wood boxes, sackcloth, crushed cans. 2 hrs to walk to place of employment.

Question 18

Suburb

Answer 18

A residential or commercial area situated within an urban area but outside the central city.

Question 19

Annexation

Answer 19

The process of legally adding land area to a city.

Question 20

Sprawl

Answer 20

Sprawl is the development of suburbs at relatively low density and at locations that are not contiguous to the existing built-up area. Sprawl is also fostered by the desire of some families to own large tracts of land.

Question 21

Density Gradient

Answer 21

The number of houses per unit of land diminishes as distance from the center city increases.

Question 22

Smart Growth

Answer 22

Legislation and regulations to limit suburban growth and preserve farmland.

Question 23

Rush hour

Answer 23

The four consecutive 15 minute periods in the morning and evening with the heaviest volumes of traffic.

Question 24

Underclass

Answer 24

A group in society prevented from participating in the material developments of a more developed society because of a variety of social and economic disadvantages.

Question 25

Gentrification

Answer 25

The process of turning an urban neighborhood from a low-income predominantly renter occupied area into a middle-class owner occupied area.

Question 26

Public Housing

Answer 26

Government owned housing rented to low income people.