Chapter Six: Exam One Flashcards
Taylor’s mom covers his teddy bear with a blanket, and Taylor reaches out to pull the blanket off to reveal the bear. According to Piaget, Taylor is exhibiting:
object permanence
Madilyn pulled the chair to the counter in order to reach the cookie jar. This “little scientist” behavior is most likely to occur in Piaget’s:
stage 5
An infant’s first vocal communication is:
cooing
Henry is 16 months old. He points at the refrigerator and says, “Juice?” What form of speech is he using?
holophrases
What kind of reactions are occurring in sensorimotor intelligence stages one and two? Describe
Primary circular reactions: infant’s responses to his or her own body
What are circular reactions?
interaction of sensation, perception, and cognition
Sensorimotor intelligence stages one and two are stages involving…
the infant’s own body
Stage one of sensorimotor intelligence is at what age? what is it the stage of?
birth to one month
stage of reflexes
Stage two of sensorimotor intelligence is at what age? what happens?
1-4 months
first acquired adaptations or habits
What kind of reactions are occurring in sensorimotor intelligence stages 3 and 4? describe. What begins to function in these stages?
Secondary circular reactions: infants response to objects and people
Mirror neurons begin to function
Stage 3 of sensorimotor intelligence occurs at what age? What happens?
4 to 8 months;
attempts to make interesting things last
Stage 4 of sensorimotor intelligence is at what age? What happens?
6 to 12 months;
new adaptation and anticipation
What type of behavior and what realization happens in sensorimotor intelligence?
goal-direct behavior and object permanence
What is goal-direct behavior?
purposeful actions that benefit from new motor skills resulting from brain maturation
What is object permanence? What age is this realization acquired?
the realization that objects or people continue to exist when they are no longer in sight
acquired at about 8 months
What type of reaction occurs in sensorimotor intelligence stages 5 and 6? describe
tertiary circular reactions first with action, then with ideas
Sensorimotor intelligence stages 5 and 6 involves…
involves active exploration and experimentation; exploration of a range of new activities and variations in responses as a way of learning
Visual cliff shows the importance of…
emotion and nonverbal communication
What is babbling/what doe it involve? What age does it begin? It is _____-expectant
involves repetition of certain syllables, such as ba-ba-ba, which begins when babies are between 6 and 9 months old
experience-expectant
Babbling begins to sound like its native language at around what age?
12 months old
What begins before babbling and is an aspect of language development? What occurs before this?
Gesturing; cooing
All infants ____
gesture
Concepts with gesture are expressed _____ than speech
sooner
Pointing emerges in human babies around what age?
10 months
At what age do infants speak a few words?
1 year
At what age do infants understand 10 times more words than produced?
6-15 months
At what age do infants begin to use holophrases?
12 months
What are holophrases?
recognizing vocalization from universal to language-specific
Describe what happens when there is a naming explosion? age/amount of words range
Once spoken vocabulary reaches about 50 words it builds quickly, at a rate of 50 to 100 words per month
21-month-olds say twice as many words as 18-month-olds
Age: 0-1 month
Sensorimotor Stage: .
Language Sequence:
Sensorimotor Stage: reflexes
Language Sequence: reflexive cries
Age: 1-4 months
Sensorimotor Stage:
Language Sequence:
Sensorimotor Stage: 1st acquired adaptations
Language Sequence: cooing in response to voices and faces; meaningful gestures
Age: 4-8 months
Sensorimotor Stage:
Language Sequence:
Sensorimotor Stage: making interesting sights last
Language Sequence: babbling, especially to people; games that involve turn-taking
Age: 8-12 months
Sensorimotor Stage:
Language Sequence:
Sensorimotor Stage: new adaptation and anticipation
Language Sequence: respond to “no”, “hot”, etc; imitation of others’ intonation, intent listening
Age: 12-18 months
Sensorimotor Stage:
Language Sequence:
Sensorimotor Stage: new means through active experimentation
Language Sequence: 1st words (including many words for actions and movable objects); holophrases, especially questions and commands
Age: 18-24 months
Sensorimotor Stage:
Language Sequence:
Sensorimotor Stage: new means through mental combinations
Language Sequence: underextensions; overextensions; start of two-word sentences
Sensorimotor intelligence stage 5 is at what age? what happens?
12-18 months; new means through active exploration
“little scientists”
Sensorimotor intelligence stage 6 is at what age? what happens?
18-24 months; mental combinations; intellectual experimentation via imagination
Sensorimotor intelligence in Piaget’s term for the way infants…
The way infants thinks by using their senses and motor skills during the first period of cognitive development
Infants are _____ learners
Active
