Chapter Six - Cellular Respiration Flashcards
What is kinetic energy?
Energy of motion
What is potential energy?
energy of position (stored)
What is energy and where does it come from?
the potential to do work
–> light, chemical, nuclear, mechanical, heat, magnetic, electrical
What are the three properties of energy?
- energy is always conserved, never created anew/destroyed
- energy can be transferred between interaction of forces
- energy transfer is never 100% efficient (small amount of heat is released due to movement of atoms and molecules
What is energy conservation?
-taking in stored energy (food), digesting breaks down energy (breaks bonds), energy is released (heat)
Why is energy not effective at transferring?
each energy transformation, a bit of energy is lost as heat
–> why we must continually supply energy to systems
What energy sources are renewable?
those that regenerate (light/heat from sun)
What energy sources are non-renewable?
those that cannot regenerate (petroleum, coal, natural gas)
Why is energy not matter?
It doesn’t cycle back through the system, needs to be replenished
What are the trophic levels?
secondary consumer
primary consumer
producer
*energy moves up the pyramid (up to 90% may be lost as heat)
What happens to energy biomass when you go up in trophic levels?
decreases
What is a Calorie?
food energy unit, the amount of energy it takes to raise temp of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius
How do animals and plant store excess energy?
Animals- store as glycogen in muscle/liver cells or fats
Plants- store as starch/fats
How do plant fats and animal fats (triglycerides) differ?
Animals: more saturated, more C-H, tend to be solid at room temp
Plants: less saturated, less C-C, tend to be liquid at room temp
How does the body burn excess calories?
body uses glycogen storage first in muscle and liver cells, then resorts to fat once that is used up (why it’s so hard to lose weight)
