Chapter 2 - Chemistry and Molecules of Life Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

What is matter?

A

anything that takes up space/has mass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are elements?

A

pure substances that cannot be broken down

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are compounds?

A

elements combined in a fixed ratio

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are atoms?

A

units that cannot be broken down, what elements consist of

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Nucleus

A

dense core

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Protons

A

positive charge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Electrons

A

negative charge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Neutrons

A

electrically uncharged/neutral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Atomic Number

A

equals the number of protons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Atomic Mass

A

number of protons plus number of neutrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is an isotope?

A

alternative mass forms of an element

  • same number of protons and electrons
  • different number of neutrons
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is an ion?

A

electrically charged atom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Ionic Bonds

A

attraction of opposite charges holding atoms together

  • transfer of electrons from one atom to another
  • -> become ions because the atoms are no longer neutral
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Arrangement of Electrons

A
  • constantly moving
  • 2 on inner shell, 8 on outer (valence) shell
  • filling outer shell=not reactive
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Ionic Bonds

A

attraction of opposite charges hold atoms together

  • transfer of 1 or more electrons from one atom to another
  • strong
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Covalent Bonds

A

electrons shared rather than transferred

  • bonds hold atoms together forming molecules
  • strong
17
Q

Double Covalent Bond

A

sharing two pairs of electrons

more bonds = stronger

18
Q

Reactant

A

molecules that participate in reactions

19
Q

products

A

molecules formed by reactions

20
Q

What kind of bond does water have?

A

Covalent Bond

21
Q

What is a polar covalent bond?

A

oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen so it spends more time with the electrons, giving the water molecule a slightly more negative charge

22
Q

Hydrogen bond

A

slightly positive hydrogen atoms are attracted to slightly negative oxygen atom in water molecule

  • weak bond, but impressive
  • easily broken which leads to liquid water
  • -> results in water having a higher resistance to temp change
23
Q

Cohesion

A

tendency of same type of molecules to stick together (ex. water rising from roots of plants to leaves against gravity)

24
Q

Surface Tension

A

cumulative strength of hydrogen bonds prevent water surface from breaking (ex. insect walking on water)

25
Q

hydrophilic

A

molecules attracted to water

26
Q

hydrophobic

A

molecules not attracted to water

27
Q

What is true of an uncharged atom?

A

of protons = # of electrons

28
Q

polar molecule

A

unevenly charged

29
Q

temperature vs. heat

A

temp: intensity of heat
heat: amount of energy associated with movement of atoms/molecules

30
Q

What happens when water cools?

A

hydrogen bonds form, releasing heat

31
Q

Solution

A

liquid consisting of a homogeneous mix on 2+ substances

32
Q

Solvent

A

dissolving agent

33
Q

Solute

A

substance that is dissolved

34
Q

What is an acid?

A

chemical compound that releases hydrogen ions to a solution

35
Q

What is a base?

A

compound that accepts hydrogen ions and removes it from solution

36
Q

What is the pH scale?

A

describes acidity, measures hydrogen ion concentration in solution (ranges from 0 to 14, most acidic to most basic)

37
Q

Carbon

A

-abundant
-versatile building block
–>long chain of carbon atoms are “backbone” of most molecules
(Organic: molecules with chains of carbon atoms, Inorganic: molecules with no carbon atoms)