Chapter Quiz 3 Flashcards
When an action potential arrives at the axon terminal, _______ in the presynaptic terminal membrane
voltage-gated calcium channels open
The ______ receptor uses a system of second messengers to cause changes in excitability
metabotropic
Which qualification is not a specific criterion for classifying a substance as a neurotransmitter?
Ability of the substance to travel long distances between the site of origin and target area
Damage to the _______ would affect projections using the neurotransmitter serotonin
raphe nucleus
In the mammalian brain, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter is
GABA
A drug or toxin that resembles the endogenous ligand and that can bind to the receptor and activate it is called a
receptor agonist
If a newly-developed drug is found to bind to dopamine receptors but does not activate them, the drug is classified as a
antagonist
If drug A is found to bind to a certain type of receptor more strongly than drug B, then drug A is said to have greater
affinity
The mood-stabilizing drug lithium acts by
inhibiting cyclic AMP
Caffeine exerts its action by _______ presynaptic adenosine receptors, which _______ the amount of neurotransmitter released
blocking; increases
Through the process of ______, neurotransmitter is cleared from synapses
reuptake
Benzodiazepines, such as diazepam, or other anxiolytics, appear to modulate the activity of receptors for the neurotransmitter
GABA
The main active ingredient found in cannabis is
delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)
Cocaine and amphetamine both potently affect the ______ of the monoamine neurotransmitters ______ and ______ in the synapse
accumulation; norepinephrine; dopamine
Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) appears to exert its effects through its interactions with receptors for the neurotransmitter
serotonin
Drugs that stimulate the ________ pathway provide powerful positive rewards that may eclipse the pleasures derived from other activities
dopaminergic
The triggering of drug cravings after returning to location or setting where they were previously used is called ______ drug use
cue-induced
The _______ is an area of the brain which, when lesioned, allows patients to quit smoking effortlessly
insula
The drug methadone is used to treat people who have become addicted to
heroin
A common feature of addictive drugs appears to be that they cause the release of ________ in the ________.
dopamine; nucleus accumbens
