Chapter 10 Quiz Flashcards
If a hamster is kept in a laboratory and receives no information about changes in day length or temperature (i.e. housed in constant dark), its rhythms will eventually _______, with a daily cycle that lasts a bit longer than 24 hours.
become free-running
In an experiment with hamsters, if a light with a timer is adjusted so that the light switches on and off 6 hours earlier than the animals are used to, they will show
phase shift
The stimulus (usually the light-dark cycle) that entrains circadian rhythms is called a(n)
zeitgeber
Destruction of the SCN ________ circadian rhythms of hormone secretion
abolishes
When deprived of time cues, people tend to show activity cycles that are
a little more than 24 hours long
The hormone ________ is released by the _________ during the night and informs the brain about day lenght
melatonin; pineal gland
People who tend to wake up in the morning with lots of energy likely carry a different version of the _______ gene than night owls, who stay up late at night and are drowsy in the morning
clock
Because of shifts in circadian rhythms that occur around puberty, students at high schools that begin the school day after 8:30 AM generally experience
better academic performance
The usual duration of the typical adult human repeating sleep cycle is
90-110 minutes
If you recall a vivid dream as you wake up, you likely to have been in _______ sleep just before awakening
REM
Frightening dreams associated with stage 3 sleep are called
night terrors
How do dolphins sleep if they must regularly come to the water’s surface to breathe?
only one brain hemisphere sleeps at a time
The pattern of sleep in elderly people is characterized by increases in
awakenings
The large proportion of ______ sleep seen in infancy suggests it is necessary for nervous system maturation
REM
Which statement about fatal familial insomnia is false?
it is characterized by chronic lifetime insomnia
Experimental evidence suggests that the biological role of SWS and REM sleep may be related to the
consolidation of perceptual learning
Which mechanism has not been identified as a biological function of sleep?
Brain rest
The region that appears to be responsible for activating wakefulness is known as the
reticular formation
Many people with narcolepsy also exhibit ________, in which muscle tone is suddenly lost without loss of __________.
cataplexy; consciousness
People diagnosed with sleep apnea show all of the following symptoms except
an abundance of REM sleep
