Chapter One Key Terms Flashcards
Change of State
The conversion of a substance from one state to another - for example, from a liquid (l) to a gas (g).
Chemistry
The study of nature, properties, and transformations of matter.
Matter
The physical material that makes up the universe; anything that has mass and occupies space.
Scientific Method
Systematic process of observation, hypothesis, and experimentation to expand and refine a body of knowledge.
Physical Change
A change that does not affect the chemical makeup of a substance or object.
Chemical change
A change in the chemical makeup of a substance.
Solid
A substance that has definite shape and volume.
Liquid
A substance that has a definite volume but that assumes the shape of its container. (indefinite shape)
Gas
A substance that has neither a definite volume nor a definite shape.
Chemical Reaction
A process in which the identity and composition of one or more substances are changed.
Reactants
A substance that undergoes change in a chemical reaction and is written on the left side of the reaction arrow in a chemical equation.
Products
A substance that is formed as the result of a chemical reaction and is written on the right side of the reaction arrow in a chemical equation.
SI Units
Units of measurement defined by the International System of Unites. Examples include kilograms, meters, and kelvins.
Physical quantities
A physical property that can be measured.
Mass
A measure of the amount of matter in an object.
Weight
A measure of the gravitational force that the earth or other large body exerts on an object.
Significant Figures
The number of meaningful digits used to express a value.
Factor-Label Method
A problem-solving procedure in which equations are set up so that unwanted units cancel and only the desired units remain.
Conversion Factor
An expression of the numerical relationship between two units.
Energy
The capacity to do work or supply heat.
Temperature
The measure of the amount of heat energy in an object.
Specific Heat
The amount of heat that will raise the temperature of 1 gram of a substance by 1 degree Celsius.
Density
The physical property that relates the mass an object to its volume; mass per unit volume.
Specific Gravity (sp gr)
The density of a substance divided by the density of water at the same temperature.
