Chapter One Key Terms

Question 1

Change of State

Answer 1

The conversion of a substance from one state to another - for example, from a liquid (l) to a gas (g).

Question 2

Chemistry

Answer 2

The study of nature, properties, and transformations of matter.

Question 3

Matter

Answer 3

The physical material that makes up the universe; anything that has mass and occupies space.

Question 4

Scientific Method

Answer 4

Systematic process of observation, hypothesis, and experimentation to expand and refine a body of knowledge.

Question 5

Physical Change

Answer 5

A change that does not affect the chemical makeup of a substance or object.

Question 6

Chemical change

Answer 6

A change in the chemical makeup of a substance.

Question 7

Solid

Answer 7

A substance that has definite shape and volume.

Question 8

Liquid

Answer 8

A substance that has a definite volume but that assumes the shape of its container. (indefinite shape)

Question 9

Gas

Answer 9

A substance that has neither a definite volume nor a definite shape.

Question 10

Chemical Reaction

Answer 10

A process in which the identity and composition of one or more substances are changed.

Question 11

Reactants

Answer 11

A substance that undergoes change in a chemical reaction and is written on the left side of the reaction arrow in a chemical equation.

Question 12

Products

Answer 12

A substance that is formed as the result of a chemical reaction and is written on the right side of the reaction arrow in a chemical equation.

Question 13

SI Units

Answer 13

Units of measurement defined by the International System of Unites. Examples include kilograms, meters, and kelvins.

Question 14

Physical quantities

Answer 14

A physical property that can be measured.

Question 15

Mass

Answer 15

A measure of the amount of matter in an object.

Question 16

Weight

Answer 16

A measure of the gravitational force that the earth or other large body exerts on an object.

Question 17

Significant Figures

Answer 17

The number of meaningful digits used to express a value.

Question 18

Factor-Label Method

Answer 18

A problem-solving procedure in which equations are set up so that unwanted units cancel and only the desired units remain.

Question 19

Conversion Factor

Answer 19

An expression of the numerical relationship between two units.

Question 20

Energy

Answer 20

The capacity to do work or supply heat.

Question 21

Temperature

Answer 21

The measure of the amount of heat energy in an object.

Question 22

Specific Heat

Answer 22

The amount of heat that will raise the temperature of 1 gram of a substance by 1 degree Celsius.

Question 23

Density

Answer 23

The physical property that relates the mass an object to its volume; mass per unit volume.

Question 24

Specific Gravity (sp gr)

Answer 24

The density of a substance divided by the density of water at the same temperature.